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USA under presidency of a know-nothing, neo-fascist, racist, sexist, mobbed-up narcissist!! - Printable Version +- Deep Politics Forum (https://deeppoliticsforum.com/fora) +-- Forum: Deep Politics Forum (https://deeppoliticsforum.com/fora/forum-1.html) +--- Forum: Players, organisations, and events of deep politics (https://deeppoliticsforum.com/fora/forum-32.html) +--- Thread: USA under presidency of a know-nothing, neo-fascist, racist, sexist, mobbed-up narcissist!! (/thread-15098.html) Pages:
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USA under presidency of a know-nothing, neo-fascist, racist, sexist, mobbed-up narcissist!! - Peter Lemkin - 30-03-2017 Peter Lemkin Wrote:Russ Baker and two other researchers have written a very long and COMPLEX story entitled Why FBI Can't Tell All on Trump, Russia An interesting radio interview with the co-authors of this piece is now posted on Who.What.Why here: http://whowhatwhy.org/2017/03/27/behind-scenes-interview-exclusive-trump-russia-fbi-story/ Quote:Transcript: While this is only the beginning of an investigation. and this investigation focuses on Trump-Russian connections, the 'take-away' I come out with is not that Trump has 'ties' to Russians because they are Russian, but rather that Trump has many ties to criminals and mobsters and oligarchs - and is an agnostic on what country they hail from - as long as they have lots of money and his kind of business 'ethics'...... Of course, due to the 1917 Revolution and the Cold War, Russia has a special place in the minds of many Americans; while they give a 'pass' to very similar types of Italian, Central American, European, African, U.S. and other mob-type people. [i.e. Trump is as ecumenical with corrupt rich people worldwide, as he is with attractive young women; one set he grabs in the wallet - the others he grabs elsewhere.] USA under presidency of a know-nothing, neo-fascist, racist, sexist, mobbed-up narcissist!! - Peter Lemkin - 30-03-2017 President Trump signed an executive order Tuesday to dismantle a slew of climate rules established by President Obama. If carried out, the executive order will virtually guarantee that the United States will fail to meet its 2015 Paris Agreement pledge to reduce emissions in order to curb the effects of climate change. The executive order marks the first step to undo Obama's Clean Power Plan to limit emissions and replace coal-fired power plants with new solar and wind farms. Trump signed the executive order at a ceremony at the Environmental Protection Agency while being surrounded by a group of coal miners, as well as EPA head Scott Pruitt, who himself denies the human impact on climate change. PRESIDENT DONALD TRUMP: Today I'm taking bold action to follow through on that promise. My administration is putting an end to the war on coal. Gonna have clean coal, really clean coal. With today's executive action, I am taking historic steps to lift the restrictions on American energy, to reverse government intrusion and to cancel job-killing regulations. AMY GOODMAN: The executive order also ends President Obama's 2013 Climate Action Plan, which outlined the federal government's approach to curbing climate change. Trump never mentioned climate change or global warming during his remarks, even though 2016 was the warmest year on record, breaking the record set in 2015. He also only mentioned the EPA's mission to protect the environment once.PRESIDENT DONALD TRUMP: We're going to continue to expand energy production, and we will also create more jobs in infrastructure, trucking and manufacturing. This will allow the EPA to focus on its primary mission of protecting our air and protecting our water. Together, we are going to start a new energy revolution, one that celebrates American production on American soil. AMY GOODMAN: For more, we're joined by Jacqueline Patterson, director of the NAACP Environmental and Climate Justice Program, joining us from New Orleans.Welcome to Democracy Now!, Jacqueline. Talk about the effect of this executive order, its significance. JACQUELINE PATTERSON: Yes, it is so significant. Thanks for having me. So, there are so many far-reaching implications for this rule, if the actions go forward as presented. Certainlycertainly, fortunately, labor experts and market experts say that regardless of this rule, which seeks to release the restriction on leasing of federal lands for coal, they're saying that it's not necessarily going to bring back the coal industry. But if it did, the coal industry is so harmful not only to the communities that are host to coal-fired power plants, but also to the very workers whose jobs that President Trump purports to save, including the fact that 76,000 coal miners have died of black lung disease since 1968, while the industry has fought against the regulations to protect them from coal mine dust. So we have those implications. We have implications like the communities that are host to coal-fired power plants are choking down sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, mercury, arsenic, lead, not to mention that coal is the numbercoal-based energy production is the number one contributor to greenhouseto carbon dioxide emissions, which is the number one greenhouse gas emission that drives climate change. So, those implications are significant. AMY GOODMAN: And can you talk about how, in particular, it will affect communities of color? JACQUELINE PATTERSON: Yeah, so, for example, African American68 percent of African Americans live within 30 miles of a coal-fired power plant. And we know that with the emissions, such as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide, they're known to have a link to exacerbating respiratory conditions such as asthma. We also know that African Americans71 percent of African Americans live in counties in violation of air pollution standards. And we know that the African-American children are three to five times more likely to enter into the hospital from asthma attacks and two to three times more likely to die of asthma attacks. When we connect the dots in terms of exposure and in terms of the health conditions of African-American children and people, we start to see the ties in terms of the impact, the disproportionate impact, of the coal industry, in particular, on communities of color. We know that African-American adults are more likely to die from lung disease, but far less likely to smoke. When we put out our report, "Coal Blooded: Putting Profits Before People," back in 2012, we went around, and we visited with communities that were host to coal-fired power plants. And we heard time and time again from folks who hadhalf the kids in their school were on inhalers. Half the people in their church were on respirators. I spoke to a fellow in Indiana whose wife had died of lung disease. They lived within seeing distance of a coal-fired power plant. She had never smoked a day in her life. I spoke to a woman whose father worked in a coal plant and who died of lung cancer, but had never smoked a day in his life. So we see these storieswe hear these stories, and we see the statistics. And the disproportionate exposure and the differential impact are clear. AMY GOODMAN: I want to turn to Earthjustice Policy Vice President Martin Hayden, who questioned whether President Trump's executive order will have a significant effect on the coal industry. MARTIN HAYDEN: [We] are a net exporter of coal, by a long shot. So, producing more coal isn't going to make us more energy independent. And the other piece of producing more coaland you saw many of the coal company executives say this last nightthat while it may raise coal production some, it's not going to create many more jobs, because they are more automated today, that thethat the trend has been fewer and fewer jobs in the coal fields, irrespective of how much coal is mined, because they're using more mechanized approaches and less people approaches. AMY GOODMAN: So, that issue, Jacqueline Patterson, of what the president keeps pushing, the issue of coal jobs?JACQUELINE PATTERSON: Yes, soyes, so, as I was saying at the very beginning, both the labor industry and the market say that it's not necessarily going to bring back coal. I was saying what the implications would be if it did, in any way, increaseincrease coal productioncoal-based energy production in the United States. But then there's the other side of the fact, that even if we're exporting coal, and other countries are using coal, as we know, any use of coal burning to produce energy affects climate change overall. And we know that communities of color and low-income communities are more likely to feel the impacts from climate change. And so, whether it's communities that have poor housing stock, communities that are underinsured, communities that arewhose homes are located in the floodplains, we see that these communities are disproportionately vulnerable to climate change and more likely to be impacted by climate change. We know that these communities are often the ones that aredon't have access to healthy and nutritious foods. They have food insecurity. And we know that shifts in agricultural yields is another impact of climate change and thatand that this might make food insecurity even greater in these communities. So the far-reaching implications of any type of increase in coal-based energy production are felt no matter where it happens, are felt globally, and particularly in vulnerable communities and vulnerable countries. AMY GOODMAN: We've been talking about coal plants, but let's talk about coal-fired plants. Jacqueline, talk by your own growing up in Chicago. JACQUELINE PATTERSON: Yeah, so I grew up on the South Side of Chicago, where there were three coal-fired power plants within a 15-mile radius of where I lived, the Fisk and Crawford plants on the South Side of Chicago and the State Line plant on the northwest side of Indiana. So, unbeknownst to me, really, because, you know, these things are there, and you often just don't know the impacts of theseof these facilities in your community, I was living in this toxic corridor. And fast-forward to today, when I was doing the work on the "Coal Blooded" report, I visited with the Little Village Environmental Justice Organization, PERRO and others in Chicago who were doing work on the Fisk and Crawford plants. And they had done a partnership with the Harvard School of Public Health. And through the community-campus partnership, they found that 40 asthma deaths and a thousand hospitalizations were attributed to the Fisk and Crawford coal plants, which gave them what thethe fuel that they needed to be able to inform the community, which eventually resulted in the City Council passing an ordinance around clean air and Mayor Rahm Emanuel giving a ultimatum to either clean these coal plants up or shut them down, which eventually did happen. And so, again, I was growing up in harm's way. My fathermy father passed away a few years ago of lung disease. And his doctor specifically cited that it was due to environmental exposures. And now I wonder what the cumulative impact might have been of living on the South Side of Chicago in that toxic corridor with those three coal plants and other toxins in the air. AMY GOODMAN: Finally, Jacqueline Patterson, just the overall broader issue of cuts to the EPA and the whole direction the Trump administration is going? And, I mean, he signed this executive order at the Environmental Protection Agency, which he said he is going to slash by almost a third. This is with the acquiescence of the head of the EPAright?the former Oklahoma attorney general, Scott Pruitt, who sued the EPA 14 times before he's now become its head. JACQUELINE PATTERSON: Mm-hmm, yes. And unfortunately, not onlyif it was just slashed off of the EPA budget in general, that would be bad enough. But the fact that it's targeted slashing of environment justice programs, that are meant to protect communities like Mossville, Louisiana, which is in this petrochemical corridor, which is a cancer cluster, which has already these existing impacts for their community, communities like Uniontown, Alabama, which, again, has multiple assaults in terms of its environmental exposures, the communities across the nation that are, again, disproportionately communities of color, disproportionately indigenous communities and low-income communities, communities in Appalachia, who are suffering under the impacts of mountaintop removal and so forth and so on. And so, the Environmental Protection Agency, as weas per its name, it is there to ensure that we have the monitoring and the enforcement of safeguards for our health and well-being. So I shudder to think what the impacts will be if that agency does not serve that function. USA under presidency of a know-nothing, neo-fascist, racist, sexist, mobbed-up narcissist!! - Peter Lemkin - 30-03-2017 By a vote of 215 to 205, the House passed a bill to overturn the Federal Communications Commission's landmark broadband privacy rules established under the Obama administration. The vote will give companies like Verizon, Comcast and AT&T more power to collect people's sensitive data, including your internet browsing history, as well as to sell that information. Last week, the Senate also approved the measure in a vote largely split across party lines. President Trump is expected to sign the bill. For more, we go to Washington to speak with Laura Moy, deputy director of the Center on Privacy and Technology at Georgetown University Law Center. Her new piece for The Daily Dot is titled "Think you can protect your privacy from internet providers without FCC rules? Good luck." Laura Moy, welcome to Democracy Now! LAURA MOY: Thanks. AMY GOODMAN: Talk about the significance of the House vote yesterday. LAURA MOY: Right. Thank you. Thanks so much for having me on. Right. I mean, strange days in Washington. At a time when Americans overwhelmingly want more privacy protection, yesterday the House of Representatives, as you said, voted 215 to 205 to eliminate these really important privacy rules that would protect the information that Americans have no choice but to share with their internet service providers from being sold or shared without their permission. So, you know, essentially, when you go online, you have to tell your internet provider what website you want to visit, what app you want to use, so that it knows where to route the traffic online, knows which information to send you and where to send the information that you're communicating. Americans pay for that service. They don't expect that information to be shared or used for other purposes or sold without their permission. But repealing the rules that were put in place last October will do just that, will allow internet providers, as you said, like Comcast, Verizon and AT&T, to share or sell that information without permission. AMY GOODMAN: So give us a concrete example of how this would work, something you looked up, and how that's going to make its way to some company. LAURA MOY: Right. So, let's say that you are browsing the web, and you are visiting a gun auction site or a healthcare site, perhaps a site that expresses your political viewpoints. Because you're visiting those sites, your internet provider gets to see that you are traveling to those sites on the web. If you're going to WebMD.com to look up a health condition, your internet provider sees that information. And now, with repeal of the rules, it is possible that internet providers will see this as a green light to go ahead and sell that information about you to entities that might want to use it, for example, to track you or monitor you or just to market you related goods to the things that you're interested in. AMY GOODMAN: So, you're looking up something on addiction, and then they start to target you as perhaps someone who is addicted, or you're afraid to start looking things up and getting vital information, because of that very tactic. LAURA MOY: Right. Yeah, that's exactly right. I mean, Americans absolutely need internet connectivity in today's modern era. You need to go online to search for a job. You need to go online to complete your education. You need to go online often to communicate with your healthcare provider or conduct your banking. And we want people to use the internet, to view it as a safe space to communicate with others, to express their political viewpoints, to carry out these vitally important everyday activities, and to do so without fear that the information that they share with their internet service provider will be used to harm them in some way. AMY GOODMAN: Well LAURA MOY: Andsorry, go ahead. AMY GOODMAN: Republicans argued that the FCC overstepped its mandate, and it's the job of the Federal Trade Commission to regulate privacy. This is Republican Congressmember Marsha Blackburn of Tennessee. REP. MARSHA BLACKBURN: Having two privacy cops on the beat will create confusion within the internet ecosystem and will end up harming consumers. Third, the FCC already has authority to enforce privacy obligations of broadband service providers on a case-by-case basis. These broadband privacy rules are unnecessary and are just another example of big government overreach. AMY GOODMAN: That's Republican Congressmember Marsha Blackburn, who, according to Vocativ, has received over half a million dollars in campaign donations [from] internet providers, including AT&T, Comcast and Verizon. If you could respond to what she's sayingthis should be the FTC's areaand also the fact that the Republicans have pushed this when President Trump is fighting against surveillance himselfLAURA MOY: Right. AMY GOODMAN: or of himself? LAURA MOY: That's right, yeah. So, as Representative Blackburn stated, the Federal Trade Commission has done a lot of work on privacy over the past couple decades. Unfortunately for us, the Federal Trade Commission does not have any authority to regulate internet service providers. So, a couple years ago, internet service was classified as a telecommunications service, because over 4 million Americans wanted it to be regulated as a common carrier service. And as a result, the Federal Trade Commission does not have the authority to protect the privacy of Americans from uses by internet providers. So, she is right that the Federal Trade Commission has done a lot of good work on privacy, but it is not true that the Federal Trade Commission can protect us here. And then, you mentioned, of course, that President Trump has spoken out about surveillance or suspected surveillance of himself. This is a little bit ridiculous, because President Trump and the Trump White House has spoken out in support of the repeal of the privacy rule. Repeal of the privacy rule will, in addition to giving internet providers the green light to share and sell information without consumers' consent, might help expand mass surveillance programs, as well. AMY GOODMAN: In what way? We have 10 seconds. LAURA MOY: So, because of the way that internet providers are required to protect information and not share it without a lawful order with the government, if it's classified as protected information under this rule, with repeal of the rule, that could lead to the expansion of some of these surveillance programs. USA under presidency of a know-nothing, neo-fascist, racist, sexist, mobbed-up narcissist!! - Lauren Johnson - 31-03-2017 Central to the Trump narrative is his withdrawal from foreign adventurism and devoting time and energy to putting America back to work. The narrative seems to be falling apart already. Ann Wright from Consortium News thinks Trump is continuing on with the post 9/11 trajectory my constant war. Quote:By Ann Wright USA under presidency of a know-nothing, neo-fascist, racist, sexist, mobbed-up narcissist!! - Peter Lemkin - 31-03-2017 Flynn discussing immunity for testimony on Russia158COMMENTSPRINT ![]() EVAN VUCCI/AP/FILE Former national security adviser Mike Flynn in February.By Adam Entous and Ellen Nakashima THE WASHINGTON POST MARCH 30, 2017 Former national security adviser Michael Flynn has offered to cooperate with congressional investigators in exchange for immunity from prosecution, a suggestion that has been met with initial skepticism, according to people familiar with the matter. "General Flynn certainly has a story to tell, and he very much wants to tell it, should the circumstances permit,'' Flynn's attorney, Robert Kelner, said in a statement Thursday evening. Out of respect for the committees, we will not comment right now on the details of discussions between counsel for General Flynn and the House and Senate intelligence committees, other than to confirm that those discussions have taken place. But it is important to acknowledge the circumstances in which those discussions are occurring.'' The committees are both looking into whether any associates of Donald Trump may have coordinated with agents of the Russian government seeking to meddle in last year's presidential election. The FBI is also investigating. The Trump administration has denied any such coordination. The offer by Flynn's lawyer was first reported by the Wall Street Journal. Flynn's overture seemed to have been aimed principally at the Senate committee, as Democrats on the House committee said they had not received word of an offer of testimony for immunity. Officials said the idea of immunity for Flynn - who is considered a central figure in the probes because of his contacts with the Russian ambassador to the United States - was a non-starter,'' particularly at such an early stage of the investigations. A wide-ranging grant of immunity could protect Flynn from potential future charges from the Justice Department, but Congress has the power to grant only limited testimonial'' immunity, which means prosecutors cannot use witnesses' testimony against them in any prosecution. Ultimately, it is Justice's decision whether to grant immunity from prosecution for any underlying conduct that is discussed, or other matters that don't come up in testimony. [URL="https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/nation/2017/03/27/for-trump-russia-won-away/KqeHEcpN6tfx2LW9elq6IK/story.html?p1=Article_Related_Box_Article"] View Story [/URL] It is not unheard of for potential congressional witnesses to seek immunity in exchange for testimony. During the Obama administration, former IRS official Lois Lerner sought immunity for her testimony to Congress, which was investigating how she and other officials scrutinized conservative groups. The FBI was also investigating the matter at the time. The committee declined to grant her immunity, and she was still called to testify at a hearing, in which she repeatedly invoked her Fifth Amendment right to protect herself against self-incrimination. Flynn's attorney said his client, a decorated former general, was now the subject of unfounded allegations, outrageous claims of treason, and vicious innuendo.'' The lawyer added: No reasonable person, who has the benefit of advice from counsel, would submit to questioning in such a highly politicized, witch hunt environment without assurances against unfair prosecution.'' Peter Zeidenberg, a former federal prosecutor and an assistant special counsel in the prosecution of I. Lewis Scooter'' Libby, said that the Senate committee apparently did not want to screw up a possible prosecution.'' But, he added, there may be things more important than getting a prosecution of Flynn.'' Such as learning the extent of contacts between Trump associates and Russian officials. That is a compelling and urgent need. A prosecution of Flynn could take several years. I wouldn't want them to wait that long to find out what Flynn knows.'' USA under presidency of a know-nothing, neo-fascist, racist, sexist, mobbed-up narcissist!! - Peter Lemkin - 31-03-2017 I, for one, would welcome a 'Russia-Ukraine' peace plan. That said, everything related to Russia and Trump Administration is getting more and more cloudy and complex at the moment. While it IS illegal to act as one would when President BEFORE on IS President [and thus do things behind the back of the sitting Administration], no one did anything to those responsible for the October Surprise on Carter - to name just one such event meant to subvert a sitting President for political [and financial] gain. My own feeling about Trumpf and Co. is that they are motivated by making money for themselves and their pals - not by anything resembling normal geopolitical considerations. Quote:Trump's lawyer has told 4 different stories about the Russia-Ukraine 'peace plan' debacle USA under presidency of a know-nothing, neo-fascist, racist, sexist, mobbed-up narcissist!! - Peter Lemkin - 31-03-2017 March 30, 2017 | WhoWhatWhy Staff Mobbed Up: Is Trump as Clean as He Claims? Photo credit: Adapted by WhoWhatWhy from The White House / Wikimedia, Juan Ramos / Flickr (CC BY-NC 2.0) and 591J / Wikimedia (CC BY-SA 4.0). WhoWhatWhy's story on President Donald Trump, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the Russian mob and Vladimir Putin has sparked enormous interest. Due to the complexity of the issues we presented and the wide-ranging cast of characters involved, the following video is definitely worth watching. It will provide a glimpse at Trump's mob ties and introduces Felix Sater, who plays a key role in our story as well. And you will hear the president in his own words claiming that he hardly knew Sater, even though the pair was involved in multiple business deals. All of the connections mentioned in the BBC film below were mentioned during the campaign - if generally ignored. USA under presidency of a know-nothing, neo-fascist, racist, sexist, mobbed-up narcissist!! - Peter Lemkin - 31-03-2017 USA under presidency of a know-nothing, neo-fascist, racist, sexist, mobbed-up narcissist!! - Peter Lemkin - 31-03-2017 March 27, 2017 | WhoWhatWhy Staff Keystone XL Is a Dirty Deal for America Photo credit: shannonpatrick17 / Wikimedia (CC BY 2.0) and Meclee / Wikimedia (CC BY-SA 3.0) President Donald Trump's announcement that he approved the controversial Keystone XL pipeline was welcome news for a Canadian company, foreign steel manufacturers, some rich guys, anybody who thinks the planet should be warmer and 35 ordinary Americans. It's not a good deal for the rest of the country. "This announcement is part of a new era of American energy policy that will lower costs for American families and very significantly reduce our dependence on foreign oil, and create thousands of jobs right here in America," Trump said Friday. What the president did not say is that the vast majority of the jobs created by the construction of the pipeline will be temporary. A 2014 State Department study indicated that Keystone XL would create only 35 permanent jobs. As WhoWhatWhy has shown, that is not the only issue with the pipeline. We thought that Trump's announcement provided a good opportunity to revisit our previous coverage, which identified many of the problems that make the construction of Keystone XL a terrible decision on many levels. This is Part 1 of a 2-part Series (See Part 2 here: A Cautionary TaleTar Sands Oil and Health) Debate continues to rage over whether the Obama administration should approve TransCanada Corporation's contentious Keystone XL pipeline. Meanwhile, little attention has focused on the impact of tar sands oil spills in far-flung states. Two accidents, in Arkansas and Michigan, raise largely unaddressed questions about the true cost to human health and the environment and the high cost and difficulty of cleanup. But there are other issues as well, ranging from the political and economic impact to the behavior of the corporations involved to the very nature of the substance itself. Pipe Dreams or Nightmares?The more recent of these disasters came on March 29, when a 22-foot gash opened in ExxonMobil's 65-year-old Pegasus pipeline. It dumped some 210,000 gallons of tar sands oil into the streets of Mayflower, Arkansas, and into nearby Lake Conway. More than six months after that lake of viscous tar sands crude engulfed a subdivision, many homes both within the core spill area and at the periphery stand deserted. Among the few inhabitants who remain are those too old or too poor to leave, while many others simply have no place else to go. The streets are dotted with For Sale signs that beckon no buyers. Many people are ill, suffering from respiratory problems, chronic headaches, debilitating fatigue and other complaints. Environmental scientist Wilma Subra says the symptoms are consistent with known effects from exposure to petroleum products and to the volatile chemicals used to dilute the gummy Canadian oil so it can flow through a pipeline. While cleanup continues, the legal battles have just begun. Among them are class action and civil suits, plus a lawsuit filed by the US Justice Department and the state of Arkansas for alleged violations of state and federal environmental laws, including the Clean Air and Clean Water Acts. ExxonMobil Lied About What Spilled For weeks after the spill ExxonMobil withheld crucial information about the nature of their product from state and local officials. The oil giant insisted it was conventional crude which is cheaper and easier to clean up while downplaying the amount and extent of contamination. Early on, company officials claimed that nearby Lake Conway was oil-free though internal emails showed that they knew otherwise. ![]() The March 2013 Exxon Tar Sands Spill in Mayflower, ArkansasA Billion Dollar Spill? Far to the north, 40 miles of Michigan's Kalamazoo River shimmer with a slick rainbow sheen. It's the toxic legacy of the largest, most expensive onshore oil spill in US history. On July 26[SUP]th[/SUP], 2010, Enbridge Energy's "Line B" pipeline ruptured, belching over a million gallons of tar sands oil into a field near Marshall, Michigan. Some of that flowed into nearby Talmadge Creek and on into the Kalamazoosites of previous industrial dumping and heroic cleanup efforts. Three years later, so much heavy Canadian crude still coats parts of the river bottom that last March, the the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ordered Enbridge to resume dredging the river. The agency estimates that perhaps 180,000 gallons remain submerged, "plus or minus 100,000 gallons." Federal fines of $3.7 million pale beside actual cleanup costs, which now exceed a billion dollars. Enbridge contends it spilled a mere 843,000 gallons although EPA evidence shows far more. The company waited a week to disclose that the spill was not ordinary oil, but instead thick tar sands oil. Some 320 people have reported health problems, and litigation is ongoing in a host of lawsuits. Oil and Water…Even these accidents, however awful the consequences for local residents, fail to paint a picture of the potential for catastrophe in the Keystone XL Pipeline project. If completed, this pipeline would funnel nearly 35 million gallons of Canadian tar sands oil a day from Alberta to Texas Gulf Coast refineries. Along that 1,179-mile route, the line would cross six states in America's heartland, and traverse the Ogallala Aquifer that provides drinking water for two million people. Though the location of oil and gas pipelines is public information, neither TransCanada nor the State Department has revealed Keystone XL's exact route. But the general path is clear. Keystone will cross a remarkable 1,748 bodies of water in all, including the Yellowstone and Missouri Rivers. In an accident, numerous toxic chemicals would be released, including benzene, a known human carcinogen. One at-risk ecosystem, Nebraska's fragile Sandhills region, lies along the Keystone route, with ancient dunes so permeable that nearly 100 percent of rainfall enters the shallow Ogallala Aquifer. This means that a relatively minor spill can have major consequences. *** While spills are the most immediate threat posed by the pipeline, much of the Keystone debate has focused on climate change. NASA climatologist James Hansen has called Canadian oil sands crude "one of the dirtiest, most carbon-intensive fuels on the planet." How bad? It emits 14 to 20 percent more greenhouse gases than conventional crude, according to a congressional report. But the environmental group Rainforest Action Network (RAN) says it's much, much worse: Tar sands oil is the worst type of oil for the climate, producing three times the greenhouse gas emissions of conventionally produced oil because of the energy required to extract and process tar sands oil. . . increased greenhouse gas emissions associated with tar sands development is the main reason Canada will not meet its Kyoto reduction commitments. Oil or "Molasses"Tar sands oil should not be confused with conventional crude. Alberta's oil is a gelatinous mix of tarry petroleum and sand, known as diluted bitumen or "dilbit." It's often likened to asphalt: it is so thick and gooey that it won't flow through a pipeline on its own. For transport, it's thinned with liquefied natural gas and a range of chemicals, some of which are extremely toxic. It's far stickier than other petroleum products and it sinks in water, which is why oil sands spills are extremely difficult to clean up, said Stephen K. Hamilton, a Michigan State University aquatic ecology professor who's advising the state and the EPA on the cleanup in Marshall. "The bitumen reverts to its molasses-like nature once the diluent evaporates, and is nearly impossible to remove from surfaces…and river banks," he said. "The EPA estimates that a significant fraction of the spilled oil remains in the sediments even after all the time and money invested in cleanup, and I am sure we will never get it all out." Dirty Oil, Dirty PoliticsLegally, bitumen is not even considered oil. In 2011, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) ruled that "the term crude oil' does not include "synthetic petroleum." That distinction exempts Enbridge, ExxonMobil, TransCanada and other companies that transport tar sands crude from paying the 8-cents-per-barrel petroleum excise tax. Thus, the companies shipping a substance that's more toxic and harder to clean up than standard petroleum products do not even have to pay into the Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund, which was created by Congress in 1986 and enacted four years later in response to the Exxon Valdez disaster. Cleanup of the massive Deepwater Horizon oil spill and a host of smaller accidents drained the fund to risky levels, according to a Government Accountability Office report. As of March 2011, the fund had shelled out $629.5 million for Deepwater. Liability for oil companies caps at $350 million; the fund covers the rest, up to a billion dollars per incident. But tar sands oil gets a free ride, with transport companies putting nothing aside to help pay for pipeline breaks or other accidents. The House Natural Resources Committee criticized the exemption, noting that "it is important that all oil companies be held responsible for the disasters associated with the products they sell and the taxpayers not be forced to pay the bills of cash rich oil companies." Indeed, keeping the exemption in place through 2017 would mean $409 million in lost revenue. With skyrocketing dilbit imports from Canada, it's no small concern. The 220,000 barrels (42 gallons each) imported per day in 2000 jumped to over 650,000 barrels in 2011. Producers hope to top 1.5 million barrels in the next six years, according to Canada's National Energy Board. A series of major spills could bankrupt the fundleaving taxpayers with a massive cleanup bill. TransCanada's environmental assessment estimated that Keystone XL will discharge 11 "significant" spills of 2,100 gallons or more in the US over its 50-year lifespan. An independent analysis by Dr. John Stansbury, an engineer and professor at the University of Nebraska, presents a far more alarming scenario: up to 91 serious spills over that same period. His study includes key data omitted by TransCanada. A Hazard to "Life, Liberty, and the Environment"Pipelines break for many reasons, from advancing age and weak welds to natural disasters and construction accidents. But transporting heavy, toxic dilbit further increases stress on pipelines, according to a recent Cornell University study. It's 15 to 20 times more acidic than conventional heavy crude, with five to 10 times more sulfur. Because it's so thick, it's often pumped at higher temperatures and pressures than other petroleum products. Its varying composition and consistency bring large, frequent swings in pressure that can create new cracks or widen existing onesa factor that may have played a role in ExxonMobil's Arkansas break. And that was no isolated case. From 2007 to 2010, dilbit pipelines in the northern Midwest dumped three times more oil per mile than the national average for conventional crude. Since the Keystone's Phase 1 pipeline opened in June 2010, there have been at least 35 incidents. It pumps dilbit from Alberta to refineries in Illinois, a line that breezed through the permitting process during the Bush Administration, with little public awareness. The string of accidents prompted pipeline safety regulators to subsequently deem Keystone 1 a hazard to "life, property, and the environment" and issue a "Corrective Action Order" to address multiple problems. "A Complete Breakdown of Safety"Regulators realized in the late 1990s that pipeline operators were losing control of their systems, says Richard Kuprewicz, president of the engineering consulting company Accufacts, Inc. and adviser to the U.S. Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA). Minimum safety guidelines were updated back then, but now, he says, "we're seeing a rash of ruptures.There's no doubt that there's something wrong with current pipeline safety regulations." In a recent speech to oil and gas pipeline compliance officers, PHMSA associate administrator Jeffrey Wiese admitted that the regulatory process he oversees is "kind of dying" and that his office has "very few tools to work with" in enforcing safety rules. "Do I think I can hurt a major international corporation with a $2 million civil penalty? No," he said. Before they failed, both the Mayflower and Marshall lines were known to have developed cracks. The defect that caused the six-and-a-half-foot hole in Enbridge's Line 6B was noticed at least three times, but both regulators and the company ignored it. Likewise, ExxonMobil Pipeline Co. inspected the section of Pegasus that later burst in 2010 and again in early 2013. But again, nothing was done. At a hearing on the Michigan spill in 2012, National Transportation Safety Board chairman Deborah Hersman stated, "This investigation identified a complete breakdown of safety at Enbridge," and likened employees' poor handling of the rupture to "Keystone Kops." Despite numerous alarms it took operators in Michigan nearly 12 hours to shut down the 30-inch wide pipeline. Another six hours passed before they located the spill site. The transportation safety board also cited weak federal regulation and oversight of emergency procedures, and poor assessment and repairs of pipeline health. Fast-Tracking the PipelinesWhile TransCanada awaits a decision on Keystone XL, it's unclear whether Exxon's 858-mile Pegasus pipeline will reopen. The company hasn't made public its plans for the line, which will require written permission from PHMSA to restart. Analysts conjecture that Pegasus may be in such poor shape that it will need significant repair or that Exxon may be weighing construction of a new, larger replacement. But other lines will soon be shipping tar sands products to the Gulf for refining and export. Enbridge plans to expand its Alberta Clipper pipeline from Canada to Wisconsin, which would carry up to 880,000 barrels a day, more than Keystone's planned 830,000-barrel capacity. The company's 774-mile Trunkline is scheduled to go into operation in 2015, using converted gas lines that run from Patoka, IL, to St. James, LA. There is concern that these lines, which have been in the ground for years, were not built to current standards and may not be able to withstand the heavier load of tar sands oil. But these conversions are subject to fewer regulations and generally win swift approval. *** The safety issue clearly gets short shrift. PHMSA, the entity charged with oversight, has been understaffed by an average of 24 employees each year between 2001 and 2009. And last year, it had funding for just 137 inspectors in total. That's nowhere near enough to police the industry. As a result, regulators are forced to essentially leave safety evaluations up to the companies even allowing them to plan their own future pipeline routes. The two assessments submitted for Keystone XL were prepared with blatant conflicts of interest: one by a former client of TransCanada, and the second by a member of the American Petroleum Institute, the oil and gas industry's largest U.S trade association. The EPA commented that the documents lacked needed information on water protection and an improved emergency response plan. Americans Don't Even GainAmericans risk environmental catastrophe while gaining…next to nothing. As the Rainforest Action Network notes: Keystone XL is an export pipeline. In presentations to their investors, Gulf Coast refiners have revealed plans to refine Keystone's Canadian crude into diesel and other products for export to Europe and Latin America. Proceeds from these exports are earned tax-free. Much of the fuel refined from the pipeline's heavy crude oil will never reach U.S. drivers' tanks." (More on this point from the environmental advocacy group Oil Change International, here.) With Liberty and Justice for…Oil The pressure from industry has been considerable. With well-funded publicity campaigns promoting "energy independence," it's not so surprising that in March 2012, President Obama signed an executive order expediting infrastructure permits that will fast-track oil and gas pipeline projects. One of the loudest arguments for Keystone XL approval is job creation a projected 20,000 construction and manufacturing jobs, according to TransCanada. But the Cornell Global Labor Institute examined their data and came up with a far lower estimate: somewhere between 2,500 and 4,650 temporary, direct jobs would come from pipeline construction over a two-year period. In fact, the U.S. State Department estimates that the six states along the pipeline route will gain a total of just 20 permanent pipeline operation jobs. Meanwhile, with 571,000 agricultural workers employed in those states, a spill that poisons farmland and ground water could mean a significant economic hit, not to mention the potential harm to the region's substantial tourism industry (which in South Dakota alone brings in $865 million a year). If Obama is under pressure to hand the industry another fortune, imagine the pressure the Canadian leadership faces. Evidence of this was on display during a late September visit to New York City by Canada's Conservative Prime Minister, Stephen Harper. In an unusually pugilistic stance for a Canadian, Harper declared that he "won't take no for an answer" from his much larger neighbor to the south. "The logic behind this project is simply overwhelming," he said. And he added (apparently drawing another bloated figure out of the north-of-the-border air), it "will create 40,000 jobs in the U.S." His incentive to sell the project is clear enough: Canada's share of U.S. crude oil imports rose to 38.7 percent in February, the highest in at least two decades, according to U.S. Energy Information Administration data. As Kuprewicz, the engineering consultant, notes: "We're not going to get rid of oil and gas pipelines, so we need to operate them safely." But the question remains: Is shipping more tar sands oil into the US the wisest choice?(Next: Part 2A Cautionary Tale: Tar Sands Oil and Health) The question of whether tar sands are hazardous to our health is growing stickier.A final decision from the Obama administration on the Phase 4 construction of the much-debated Keystone XL pipeline remains on hold, stalled by legal challenges to its planned route through the state of Nebraska. But other questions have been raised in Congress about the possible health effects that may result from pumping 35 million gallons a day of diluted bitumen tar sands oil through a pipeline every day from Alberta, Canada, through the heart of America to refineries on the Gulf Coast. And there are questions that are barely being asked or answered. Here, we take a look at some of them. *** It has now been over a year since ExxonMobil's Pegasus pipeline ruptured, immersing the Northwoods subdivision in Mayflower, Arkansas, and nearby Lake Conway in 210,000 gallons of Canadian heavy crude. Many residents are still suffering from serious health problems they blame on that spill. A far larger spill in July 2010 dumped more than a million gallons of tar sands oil from an Enbridge Energy pipeline into yards, fields, and the Kalamazoo River in Marshall, Michigan. Citizens are still waiting for information on chemical exposure and health risks from the Michigan Department of Community Health information that's now three years overdue, according to Marshall resident Susan Connolly, a paralegal who testified at a Congressional hearing on the spill. Dead fish in Lake Conway. By Genieve Long.No one knows exactly which chemicals were in the oil that inundated these communities nor do doctors, researchers or regulators know just how harmful they might be. As we explained in Part 1 of this series, published in 2013, tar sands oil is not conventional crude. It's a viscous mix of sand and tarry petroleum known as bitumen that is so thick that it must be diluted with liquefied natural gas and various chemicals so it can flow through a pipeline. Any of 1,000 chemicals may be used to make diluted bitumen, or "dilbit" and companies are permitted by the government to conceal those formulas as trade secrets. These unknowns prompted the U.S. Senate Environment Committee to request a "comprehensive study on the human health impacts of tar sands oil and the proposed pipeline." In a letter to Secretary of State John Kerry in February, senators called the health information in the most recent State Department environmental review "woefully inadequate." In April, a State Department official confirmed that they "will address health impacts" but did not talk about plans to start a broad independent health study. Acute Exposure On March 29, 2013, oil streamed from the ruptured pipeline and fumes enveloped Mayflower in a caustic petrochemical plume, sickening hundreds of people in this small working class community of 2,200 people. It smelled like asphalt, but worse, says Genieve Long, a mother of four who lives beside the lake. "The air was so thick it burned your lungs. It burned your eyes," Long told WhoWhatWhy. Crude oil contaminated 22 properties in the Northwoods subdivision; those families were evacuated, but neighbors who lived just a few hundred yards away or along oil-slicked Lake Conway were not. Many, including Arkansas' Attorney General Dustin McDaniel, later questioned why everyone living in close proximity had not been removed. Intense exposure sparked acute symptoms that for many, persisted for three to four months: Residents dry heaved or vomited for days on end; they suffered from bowel issues, endless migraines, nosebleeds, exhaustion, dizzy spells and confusion; their skin was covered in rashes that resembled chemical burns and they gasped for breath. It was a mirror image of what had happened to the citizens of Marshall, Michigan, after the Enbridge spill three years before. A state report found that nearly 60 percent of those living in the vicinity experienced the same health problems. "These are classic symptoms of acute exposure to both airborne petrochemicals and to the chemicals used to liquefy the thick Canadian tar sands oil," says Wilma Subra, an environmental scientist who works with communities impacted by oil spills. "There's an entire population that's been made very, very sick by the emissions." Limited Information Because ExxonMobil barred news reporters from the area after the Arkansas spill, little information was available in the early days, said Ann Jarrell, who lived 300 yards from the site. Those who contacted police, the health department, or the company, she said, were repeatedly assured there was no danger. The overpowering stench in their oil-soaked neighborhood prompted her daughter, Jennifer, to call the Mayflower police department: She was worried about her four-month-old infant. When she asked if they should evacuate, she was told that if there was no oil on their property, they should be finebut both Ann and Jennifer were nauseous and coughed constantly, their heads pounding. *** No government agency stepped forward to educate the public about health risks, and state officials told residents that contaminants in the air were "below levels likely to cause health effects for the general population" in an online press release. So even though they were sick, most people stayed in their homes, either because they'd been told to, couldn't afford to leave, or simply had nowhere else to go. In the event of an oil spill, there is little guidance from the federal government: There are no federal guidelines on when or if the public should be evacuated, nor protocols for evaluating public health after exposure. At a press conference, Attorney General McDaniel expressed concern about "the short- and long-term effects of carcinogens released into the air which are still detectable in the living rooms of people in that area." Five months after the spill, the state finally offered Mayflower residents free health assessments. For many, their problems had been compounded by the fact that most doctors have little training or experience diagnosing or treating chemical exposures. And though citizens pushed Exxon and the health department to establish a centrally located clinic and bring in specialists versed in occupational and environmental medicine, it never happened. Lake Conway, slicked in oil. By Genieve LongLong-term Effects It's hard to know what, if anything, to do about tar sands oil, since there are no data on the long-term health effects of exposure to it. And there are few efforts to correct that knowledge gap so it's difficult to assess what safety regulations are needed to properly protect the public. Susan Connolly advocated for an ongoing epidemiological study of those who were affected in Marshall, but was repeatedly rebuffed. April Lane, an expert on the health effects of fossil fuels, also wanted to collect health data in Mayflower, but her request for federal funding was turned down. Without such studies, it is impossible to track the incidence of chronic illnesses or cancers that may result from living amidst an oil spill. Subra notes that these people are continually re-exposed. For some Mayflower residents, pre-existing conditions have worsened. Others now suffer from chronic health issues that have appeared in the months since the spill. Among the more serious cases are people hospitalized with kidney infections or "chemical pneumonitis," a type of pneumonia. "It's not a one size fits all,'" says Lane. "Each person reacts differently to toxins." Severe respiratory problems have repeatedly landed Jennifer Jarrell's son, Logan, in the emergency room over the past year and he now uses a steroid inhaler twice daily to breathe. His grandmother Ann, lost her voice, her thyroid levels skyrocketed, and her headaches grew so intense that her doctor suspected a brain tumor and sent her for an MRI. *** Genieve Long, who lives on Lake Conway, stayed because it was impossible to uproot four kids without any assistance. Six months post-spill, she mysteriously developed gallstones and kidney stones that weren't there nine months earlier when she'd had diagnostic scans for something else. She was told that it should take years, not months, to develop stones as large as hers. Her question now: "What's going to happen to me or my kids in 20 years?" Though they no longer smell oil every day, whenever boaters disturb Lake Conway's shallow waters, or windy, rainy weather stirs up the water, tar balls rise and petroleum rainbows slick the lake's surface. The family's early, acute symptoms return along with a metallic, chemical taste in their mouths. They start wheezing, they can't think straight, and they're again plagued by headaches. Long's two youngest children have been left with poorly functioning lungs, she says, and struggle to breathe every day. Residual dilbit is a big problem, especially around waterways. Unlike normal oil, heavy tar sands oil sinks. Once the diluting chemicals evaporate, it reverts to its original viscous state and is almost impossible to remove. ExxonMobil's remediation work in Lake Conway is still under way. And in Michigan, Enbridge's cleanup efforts continue as the company struggles to remove the estimated 180,000 gallons of dilbit that remains submerged in the Kalamazoo River and its tributaries, which has already cost over a billion dollars, with a minimum of $22 million in fines still looming for Clean Water Act violations. With Petrochemicals, How Little is Too Much? Aaron Stryk, a spokesperson for ExxonMobil, told WhoWhatWhy that contractors hired by the company conducted "exhaustive" air sampling and continuous air quality tests in Mayflower. They tested for three substances: benzene, hydrogen sulfide, and total volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) also sampled air and monitored air quality, but only released data on total VOCs. These grouped VOC readings don't identify what chemicals are actually present in the air, nor their concentrations, says fossil fuels expert Lane. She explains that without identifying which chemicals are present and in what amounts it's impossible to accurately gauge health risks. Much of the focus was on benzene. It's toxic in miniscule doses, and is known to cause leukemia and neurological problems and to lower immunity. In Mayflower, airborne benzene levels at the spill site averaged 0.6 parts per million, sometimes spiking to 2.2 parts per million. There are dozens of government guidelines for benzene exposure. For example, Federal Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSD) standards estimate that people can breathe air containing 9 parts-per-billion (ppb) for up to two weeks or 6 ppb for up to a year without adverse health effects. However, these guidelines did not include cancer risk even though benzene is a known carcinogen. Moreover, public health decisions become the domain of county or state officials after an oil spill though such decisions often fall well outside their experience or expertise. The variations are staggering. In Arkansas, the Department of Health established the benzene exposure threshold at more than five times ATSD standards: 50 parts per billion for up to a six-month period. Lori Simmons, who runs the agency's environmental epidemiology department, said that residents could be exposed to these levels without long-lasting health problems. Lake Conway, mired in oil. By Genieve LongHealth experts, including Wilma Subra, April Lane and others, are concerned that the state's "safe" levels were set too high to protect the public and that the health department failed to issue special warnings for those who are the most vulnerable to chemical exposures: pregnant women, the elderly and young children. Communities get sick even when the concentrations are well below the more stringent federal "acceptable standards," says Subra, and monitoring protocols are frequently insufficient. State and federal agencies may rely on equipment that monitors only in the parts-per-million range, which for some substances is not sensitive enough. A growing body of research shows that infinitesimal doses of some chemicals can have serious effects. Over the last few decades, scientists have discovered that low-dose toxins may disrupt endocrine functions that orchestrate everything from growth, development, reproduction, immunity and cognition to memory and metabolism. The unborn are particularly at risk: Exposure in-utero can interfere with the gene-controlled signaling systems that influence every aspect of fetal development. *** Effects of early exposure may not appear until later in life, and damaging genetic changes can be inherited by future generations. Health problems caused by these "endocrine disruptors" is a problem of such growing global concern that it prompted research on the state of the science by the World Health Organization in 2012. But most chemicals have never been safety-tested. When the Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976 (TSCA) was introduced, it grandfathered in some 60,000-plus existing chemicals, assuming they were safe until proven otherwise. Since then, the EPA has required testing of about 200 of them and has partially regulated just five. Manufacturers have provided little if any information to the agency on the safety of 22,000 chemicals created since then. According to the Natural Resources Defense Council, an environmental group, TSCA makes it "nearly impossible for the EPA to take regulatory action against dangerous chemicals, even those that are known to cause cancer or other serious health effects." For a decade prior to his death last year, Senator Frank Lautenberg (D-NJ), fought to overhaul chemical safety laws. But the Chemicals in Commerce Act that was introduced in the House in February has drawn fire, with critics arguing that the proposed legislation would weaken current regulations by pre-empting state standards and allowing companies to conceal the chemicals used in their products. In both Marshall and Mayflower another knowledge gap became glaringly obvious: There has been virtually no testing of either the cumulative effects of various chemicals or their combined, synergistic effects on the human body. Trade Secrets May Endanger Public Health It's all a little like KFC and their secret recipe. Companies can legally withhold their "proprietary" dilbit formulas from regulators, including the EPA. Even the State Department's 2013 Keystone XL environmental impact study lacked specific information on diluents: "The exact composition of the dilbit is not publicly available because the particular type of bitumen and diluents blend produced is variable and is typically a trade secret." That leaves the overseers in the dark. Carl Weimer, the executive director of the Pipeline Safety Trust, says that though regulators have some knowledge of what's being used to thin heavy crude, they don't know the contents of any particular batch. Over 1,000 chemicals may be present in dilbit, depending on what's cheapest at the time. Many are hazardous to humans. Independent air samples taken by Lane and analyzed by Subra on the first four days following the Mayflower accident were found to contain 30 chemicals. "Each of the 30 hydrocarbons measured in the Mayflower release is a toxic chemical on its own and may pose a threat to human health depending on exposure and individual factors," said Neil Carman, a former Texas Commission on Environmental Quality inspector who now is a Clean Air Program director with the Sierra Club. What else citizens were breathing may be anyone's guess because of the limited testing done on the air samples, Lane says. Her monitoring charted high levels of benzene, potentially dangerous concentrations of n-hexane, octane, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which naturally occur in oil and tar deposits. Lower levels of butane, toluene, and other chemicals were also detected. Some of these are among the most toxic airborne chemicals regulated under the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990. Heavy Metals in the Heavy Crude Alberta's tar sands oil also carries heavy metals in significantly larger concentrations than those in conventional oil: mercury, manganese, nickel and chromium, which are toxic at high doses, as well as arsenic and lead, which damage the nervous system at relatively low doses. The list of potential maladies from these chemicals and heavy metals is long and frightening. In 2009, the Alberta Research Council, a government-funded research and development corporation focusing on energy, reported that the region's bitumen had 10 times the chromium and 38 times the manganese as Canada's standard crude oil. Without testing, it's unclear whether these metals and other chemicals in bitumen are seeping into dwellings, gardens, the water table, or are present in dust and soil and if so, at what levels. Water testing in an oil-soaked area of Lake Conway known as "the Cove" has repeatedly measured manganese in amounts exceeding EPA safety standards for drinking water. In some cases, it has tested at 30 times acceptable levels. Rising Imports, Rising Risks? Concerns about tar sands extend beyond just the proposed Keystone XL pipeline. Tar sands oil imports from Canada have tripled over the past decade, jumping from 9.2 million gallons per day in 2000 to more than 27.3 million gallons in 2011. Producers hope to double that in the next five years, according to Canada's National Energy Board. To transport Canada's heavy crude from Alberta's landlocked tar sands to American refineries, the U.S. is constructing, or repurposing, a plethora of existing oil and gas pipelines, some of which have been in use for decades and were constructed for much lighter loads. So no one knows how well those pipes will handle the tar sands oil. In part because of the controversy and delays over the pipeline, Exxon is already making other plans: Starting in 2015, it will ship Canadian oil by train out of a newly built terminal, up to 4.2 million gallons a day. Rail transport poses its own risks. The last three years have seen seven out of the nation's worst 10 railroad oil spills dumping 1.2 million gallons in 2013 alone. The Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works recently raised the larger issue about bringing greater quantities of diluted bitumen into the U.S., though they were specifically questioning Keystone XL. "We believe that putting more Americans at risk for asthma, cancer, and other serious health impacts is not in our national interest," the senators wrote. Residents of Mayflower understand the risks firsthand. "There's no fence that stops toxins," says Genieve Long. "We're the collateral damage." USA under presidency of a know-nothing, neo-fascist, racist, sexist, mobbed-up narcissist!! - Peter Lemkin - 31-03-2017 On Capitol Hill, Vice President Mike Pence cast a tie-breaking Senate vote Thursday on a bill that will allow states to cut off federal funding to women's health clinics that provide abortions. All but two RepublicansSusan Collins of Maine and Lisa Murkowski of Alaskavoted in favor of the measure, but few Republicans joined Senate debate Thursday. This is Democratic Senator Patty Murray of Washington. Sen. Patty Murray: "The deafening silence from the group of almost entirely male Republican senators who are voting today to make it harder for women to get the healthcare they neednot one spoke today to justify this vote. Where are those Republican senators, Mr. President? Why did they feel so entitled not just to interfere with women's healthcare decisions, but to do so without explaining themselves?"
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