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Violations of Iraqi Children's Rights Under Occupation - Ed Jewett - 04-03-2010 Violations of Iraqi Children Rights Under the American Occupation By Dr. Souad N. Al-Azzawi 01 March, 2010 Brussellstribunal.org For two decades, Iraqi children, along with all other elements of Iraqi society, have been subjected to grave human rights violations. These violations began with the destruction of all civil services and Iraqi civil infrastructure by the US/UK aggression on Iraq during the Gulf War of 1991, and were followed by the brutal economical sanctions which deprived the people of Iraq of food, clean water, health care, education and security. As a result more than half a million Iraqi children died during the nineties [1].The thirteen years of suffering under embargo ended with the American invasion of Iraq in 2003. Another form of suffering was born in 2003 under the American occupation. As if the causalities of the excessive use of power during military operations were not enough, the invasion operations consisted of systematically burning and looting of civil services and infrastructure, health care centers, schools and universities, industrial compounds, etc [2]. As stated in UNAMI's report of November 2006, Iraq can be described as "a nation that has been plunged into barbarism since the US-invasion in 2003"[2]. Under the American occupation, lack of security, sectarian violence, deterioration of health care systems, poverty, massive imprisonments, clean water shortages, limited or no electrical power, environmental pollution and lack of sanitation all contributed to grave violations to children's rights and a drastic increase in the child mortality rate. It has been reported that one out of eight children in Iraq die before their fifth birthday [3]. The forces of the American occupation, and the occupation-assigned Iraqi government, grossly failed to fulfill their most basic duties towards the children of Iraq in accordance with the UN/CRC Convention on the Rights of the Child, Resolution 25/ Session 44, November 1989 [4]. The convention was ratified by 194 countries of the United Nations, except the USA and Somalia. Principals of the CRC emphasized the need to protect children's rights' of life and physical, mental, moral, and spiritual development in a safe environment. We will show that the American occupation violated children's rights on all levels, including health care, education, social security, family unity and not to separate children from their parents through detention, imprisonment and exile. In this report the status and violations of Iraqi children's rights under the American occupation is presented with special emphasis on the problems of the Iraqi children refugees in Syria. Iraqi Children under the Economical Sanctions (1990-2003) During the economic sanctions imposed on Iraq by the USA, Iraq was denied the right to import equipment, medicine, educational items, health care requirements, etc. The economic sanctions were imposed by US/UK administrations and enforced by UN resolution 661 in 1990. The sanctions committee in the UN was dominated by the USA and UK, who insisted on blocking most essentials related to human rights [5]. The sanction was a war against the children of Iraq in the following ways: According to the UNICEF, the mortality rate of children under five during the sanctions exceeded 4000/month [6]. This comprised double the mortality rate prior to the sanctions. A total of about half a million children died from 1990 to 1998 [7]. UNICEF's survey of August, 1999 [7] claimed Iraq was facing a "humanitarian emergency" and other related reports showed that the major causes of increase of children mortality rates are [8]: The blocking of vaccine shipments for Iraqi children against diphtheria and yellow fever; Lack of sanitation and clean water due to the embargo of chemicals needed in for the water purification process; Depriving the children of milk and quality food that helps build their immune system; Bombing and destruction of major infrastructure related to civilian life like electrical power stations, communication networks, hospitals, sewage and water purification systems, etc. all have lead to the general deterioration of the standards of living. Other assaults against Iraqi children during the sanctions were in the form of frequent bombing and killing as a result of the US/UK air raids on the civilian areas of the No Fly Zones, south and north of Iraq. Major attacks occurred from May 1998-2000, where the US air and the Navy forces carried out 36,000 sorties over southern Iraq, including 24,000 combat missions [1]. Another atrocity against Iraqi children and civil society was the bombing of the Ameriyah Shelter in Baghdad on February 13, 1991 using the (then) new "Bunker Bombs" [9]. This resulted in the incineration of more than 300 children. The contamination of Iraq with the use of radiological depleted uranium weaponry during the 1991 Gulf War. Exposure to these contaminants triggered certain diseases amongst children such as multiple malignances, child leukemia, congenital malformations, and more [10][11]. Multifold increases of these diseases were registered amongst the population of Southern Iraq, American and Iraqi veterans. On September 26, 1995, the UN World Food Program (WFP) reported that 2.4 million Iraqi children under the age of five were at severe nutritional risk [12]. In October 1999, the UNICEF reported that as of April 1997, nearly the whole population of young children were affected by a measurable shift in the nutritional status towards malnutrition that drove the Iraqi infant mortality rates to the highest in the world [13]. According to the UNICEF, in 1989, the literacy rate in Iraq was 95% and 93% of the population had free access to modern health facilities [1]. Parents were fined for failing to send their children to school. Iraq reached a level where the basic indications to measure the overall well being of human beings, including children, were some of the best in the world [1]. After the 1990 embargo, the educational system in Iraq deteriorated drastically due to a lack of supplies, school funds, and a difficulty in keeping up with international standards and curriculums. When asked if the death of half a million Iraqi children was a price worth paying, USA ambassador to the UN Madelyn Albright answered "We think the price is worth it." [1]. This answer concludes how desperate the US and UK are to control oil fields in Iraq and all over the world. 2. Status of Iraqi Children under the American Occupation of Iraq (2003 to date): Thirteen years of suffering and the death of more than half a million children as a result of economic sanctions ended with the American invasion of Iraq in 2003. People, and the children of Iraq, have had to face the excessive use of power, the shock and awe techniques, raids, the destruction of infrastructure, burning and looting of the civil services and cultural centers of Iraq, damage to health care centers and hospitals, and the sectarian killing staged by occupation intelligence [15]. Numerous violations to Iraqi children's rights have been committed continuously and systematically under the American occupation of Iraq. The children of Iraq have been major victims of the occupation as a result of the following: Direct killing during the invasion military operations where civilians were targeted directly. Additional casualties amongst children have resulted from unexploded ordinances along military engagement routes [16]. The direct killing and abuse of children during American troop raids on civilian areas like Fallujah, Haditha, Mahmodia, Telafer, Anbar, Mosul, and most of the other Iraqi cities[17]. The Massacre of Haditha children in 2005 is a good example of "collateral damages" among civilians [18]. Daily casualties of car bombs, building explosions and other terrorist attacks on civilians. Detention and torture of Iraqi children in American and Iraqi governmental prisons. While in detention, the children are being brutalized, raped, and tortured [19]. American guards videotaped these brutal crimes in Abu Graib [20] and other prisons. Poverty due to economic collapse and corruption caused acute malnutrition among Iraqi children [21]. As was reported by Oxfam in July 2007, up to eight million Iraqis required immediate emergency aid, with nearly half the population living in "absolute poverty"[22]. Starving whole cities as collective punishment by blocking the delivery of food, aid, and sustenance before raiding them increased the suffering of the young children and added more casualties among them [23]. Microbial pollution and lack of sanitation including drinking water shortages for up to 70% of the population [22] caused the death of "one in eight Iraqi children" before their fifth birthday. Death of young children in Iraq has been attributed to water borne diseases such as diarrhea, cholera, typhoid, hepatitis, etc [24]. Contaminating and exposing other heavily populated cities to chemically toxic and radioactive ammunitions. Weapons like cluster bombs, Napalm, white phosphorous, and Depleted Uranium [25] all caused drastic increases of cancer incidences, deformations in children, multiple malignancies and child leukemia. Children in areas like Basrah, Baghdad, Nasriya, Samawa, Fallujah, Dewania and other cities have been having multifold increases of such diseases [26]. Over 24% of all children in Fallujah born in October 2009 had birth defects [27].The Minister of Environment in Iraq called upon the international community to help Iraqi authorities in facing the huge increase of cancer cases in Iraq [28]. The deterioration of the health care system [29] and the intentional assassination of medical doctors [30][31] have resulted in an increased number of casualties amongst children. It has been estimated that the mortality rate amongst the population of Iraq reached 650,000 from 2003 to 2006 [31]. Another survey indicated that the total number of dead for the period of 2003 - 2007 is about one million [32]. Among other cases, the failures of the health care system were specified as one of the major causes. Damage to the educational system. By 2004, it was estimated that two out of every three Iraqi children were dropping out of school [33]. Statistics released by the Ministry of Education in October 2006 indicated that only 30% of the 3.5 million students were actually attending schools. Prior to the US invasion, UNESCO indicated that school attendance was nearly 100% [35]. Assassination of educators and academics in Iraq drove their colleagues to leave the country. This brain drain and the intended destruction of schools and educational system is part of the well planned cultural cleansing of the Iraqi society and identity [36]. Total collapse of Iraq's economy, the sectarian violence, American troop raids on civilians, the killing of a dear family member have all deprived the children in Iraq of an innocent, carefree childhood that is the right of any child. They have to deal with family breakdowns, poverty, and a complete and total lack of security. Iraqi children are being forced to assume income generating roles because their families are suffering from hunger and poverty. They are leaving schools and having to deal with adult problems such as unemployment, manual labor, etc. [16]. This situation exposed them to hardship, and many forms of abuse. Exposure to violence on a daily basis has affected their psychological development and behavior as well. The drastic increase in the number of orphans in Iraq. The Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs estimated the number of Iraqi orphans to be around 4.5 million [37]. Other estimates put them at around 5 million. About 500,000 of those orphans live on the streets without any home or family or specialized institutions to take care of them. Among these orphans, 700 are in Iraqi prisons and another 100 in American prisons [37]. The problems of families who were forced to migrate and the impact on their children. Since the invasion of Iraq, there have been about 2.2 million internally displaced people who were forced to migrate due to sectarian violence, American violence, etc. Well over two million other Iraqis were driven out of Iraq [16]. On November 20, 2007 UNESCO reports indicated that the number Iraqi children taking refuge in Syria alone was around 300,000 [38]. The problems of children migrated by force represent a real humanitarian crisis where a large number of families have no shelter, no finances, no health care, no education, and no security of any kind. Tens of international refugee agencies and NGO's have been calling for international help to solve this crisis. Section 4 of this report presents some of the problems the children of the Iraqi refugees in Syria have to deal with. 3. Deterioration of the Living Conditions of Displaced Iraqi Children This case study was conducted by the author with the help of the Iraqi Women Will body (IWW), an Iraqi NGO fighting for Iraqi women's rights inside and outside of Iraq. The author and her assistant conducted door to door visits to the families who answered the questionnaire. In October 2009, around 300 copies of the questionnaire displayed in Annex 1 was distributed to Iraqi families within the Yarmouk refugee area of Damascus, Syria. The researchers visited these families to ensure the accuracy of the answers and to conduct personal interviews. Of the 300 distributed questionnaires, only 120 were answered as many families were fearful of giving detailed information such as the names and address of their children in fear of being exposed to further assault by sectarian militias or the security forces of the occupation assigned government. Of the 120 answered questionnaires, 94 of them were completely analyzed with full information regarding the names and addresses of the children who answered the questionnaires. The age range of the studied child population varied from 2 years of age to 18 years of age. The number of girls was 44, or 46.8% of the research population, while the boys numbered 50, or 53.2% of the population. The questionnaire shown in (Appendix-1) covered the following aspects: Personal identification of the child, including the name, age, sex and place of birth. Social status of the child's family members. Educational status of the children interviewed. Financial status of the families of the children. Health status of the children. Analyses of the questionnaire results showed the below: Table-1 : places of birth of the children included in this study: Place of Birth Baghdad Basra Saladin Refused to Reveal Syria No. of Children 52 7 4 29 2 As we can see most of the displaced children within the studied group are from the city Baghdad, which faced the highest rates of raids, killing, and sectarian violence under the occupation. Table-2 Causes of the parent(s) death of the studied children population: No. of dead parent(s) Causes Rate 29 Killed by sectarian militias and death squads 67.4 6 Killed by gangs and criminals 13.9 4 Killed by car explosions 9 3 Direct killing by American forces 6.9 1 Direct killing by Iraqi security forces 2.8 Total 43 - %100 From Table 2, and answers from the rest of the members of the studied group, we can conclude the below: 43.6% of the children's families in the studied group left Iraq in fear for their lives after the killing of members of their immediate family and/or the illegal arrest of others by the occupation forces. 12.8% of the children's families in the studied group were forced to leave their residential areas. 11.7% of the children in the studied group left the country due to a lack of services, security, and law enforcement. In other words 75.5% of the children in the studied group were forced to migrate from their living areas in Iraq. Sources of Family Income: Table-3 : The Financial Status of the Families of the Studied Children No. of families Financial responsibilities Rate % 21 Retirement pension of one of the parents 22.3 24 Women's responsibility +UN support fees 25.5 17 Only UN support fees 18.1 7 All the above 7.5 4 Fathers responsibility with UN support fees 4.2 21 UN Support + children working + selling personal belongings 22.4 94 total %100 Table 3 shows that the families of the children have no steady income. Most of the families sold their homes and other belongings in Iraq to begin a life in refuge. Later, it became very hard to maintain supporting the children without jobs and any kind of financial security. Some of the families receive a retirement pension ranging between $200 - $400 a month for the parent, or grandparent if they are living with them. Another source of income for some families is UN financial support of about $100 / month plus $10 additional per child. For the above reasons, many children within the studied group have to work to help sustain their families. As can be seen from Table 3, the financial status of most of these families is much below the average standard of living, even though the majority of the children's parents are university level degree holders (i.e. teachers, engineers, etc.). We can also conclude that most of these families cannot afford the most basic of necessities like quality food, medical care, and a safe, healthy residence. Educational Status of the Children: As most of the children within the studied group are from educated families with proper degrees, the survey indicated that in spite of financial struggles, these families attempted to maintain a fair education for their children. Table 4 shows the educational status of the children within the studied group. Table-4: Educational status of the children in the studied group No. of children Educational level Rate % 50 Elementary school 53.2 17 Primary high schools 18 6 High schools 6.4 21 Left school to work or family cannot afford their expenses 22.4 94 Total %100 As can be seen, 22.4% of the children could not maintain their education due to extreme financial difficulties which resulted in parents being unable to afford even the free education being offered for all Iraqi refugees in Syria. (i.e. parents could not afford the very basic supplies, transportation fees, etc.). Other children were forced into labor in order to help their families survive. For many Iraqi refugee families, we can see that continuing the education of their children is a luxury that cannot be afforded with the day to day struggle to feed and clothe children with very limited financial aid. Health and Medical Care Status: Along with the educational and financial issues these families face, the survey indicated serious health problems amongst the studied child population. Table 5 below shows the health status of the studied population. Table-5 : Health Status of the Children Within the Studied Group No. of children Health problems Rate 5 Congenital malformations 5.3 5 Children leukemia and respiratory problems 5.3 2 Disabilities caused by military operation injuries 2.2 32 Mental and psychological diseases 34 44 Total 46.8 Table 5 clearly indicates that 46.8% of the studied children face serious health issues. The highest numbers of disabilities are the psychological and mental disorders these children face. The major cause of these issues is the result of occupation force violence, raids, deaths and killings of family members, sometimes in front of the children. Another cause of mental instability is drastic change in the standard of living of these children. The survey also revealed that only 21 of the 44 health issues faced by the population under study received any form of medical treatment by the Iraqi Red Crescent, UNICEF, and free Syrian healthcare hospitals. In all other cases, medical treatment could not be afforded and was not offered. Final Remarks: For two decades, the US administration and its allies have been committing genocide amongst the Iraqi population, including the children [39], [40]. The planned genocide began with imposing brutal economic sanctions that crippled a growing nation, and ended with the occupation of Iraq. During this period, intentional, criminal acts against humanity have been committed repeatedly and purposely by the American administration. Crimes against civilians included even the children of Iraq. These crimes included the destruction of the essentials of civilian infrastructure, exposing children to hunger, famines, pollution of the environment with radiological and persistent toxicants, initiating and promoting sectarian massacres, the killing and torture committed by occupation forces, and forcefully displacing over five million Iraqis. The excessive and unnecessary use of power against the civilian population, and the intentional targeting of even unborn children, is an indication of a premeditated plan to depopulate Iraq. Depopulating Iraq works in favor of some of the pro-occupation minorities such as the Kurds. Under the protection of the American occupation and Israeli Mossad stationed in Iraqi Kurdistan since 1991, the Kurds are extending their territories through daily killing, bombing and kidnapping Arabs, Turkmen, Christians, Assyrians, and Yazidis in the neighboring territories of Kirkuk, Dialah, Kut, Mosul and other areas within the plan of Kurdish territorial expansion. Children in these areas live in an environment of total chaos, violence and terror. Of course, depopulation of Third World countries known to have high population growth rates is an active agenda of American Foreign Policy, as was stated by Dr. Henry Kissinger, who wrote: "Depopulation should be the highest priority of US Foreign Policy towards the Third World [41]". The direct and indirect killing of about three million Iraqis [42] [43] since 1991 to control its resources and initiate major demographic changes is a criminal act. The international community is urged to stop this genocide. 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"Iraqi Schools Suffering from Neglects and war ".Press released .Amman /Geneva, October 15, 2004. Dirk Adriaensens."In Cultural Cleansing in Iraq ". Auth(s): Raymond W. Baker, Sheren T. Ismael, Tareq Y.Ismael .Pluto Press .2009. Voices of Iraq."Occupation's Toll: 5 Million Iraqi Children Orphaned". AlterNet/World. December 18, 2007. UNESCO Report 20/11/2007."300 000 Iraqi Children Taking Refuge in Syria. www.unesco.org/…/educations…Iraqi. Gideon Poly." Passive Genocide in Iraq". Countercurrent.org. March 11, 2005. Ian Douglas. "US Genocide in Iraq ". http://www.brusselstribunal.org/pdf/NotesOnGenocideInIraq.pdf . 2007 Lannie Wolf. "World Depopulation is Top NSA Agenda: Club of Rome ".A Timely Repost: The Haig-Kissinger Depopulation Policy. html: file ://H:depopulation.mht. David Goodner." American Genocide in the Middle East: Three Million and Counting". Globalresearch.org. August 13, 2007. Dr. Souad N. Al-Azzawi, Associate Professor in Environmental Engineering http://www.countercurrents.org/azzawi010310.htm Violations of Iraqi Children's Rights Under Occupation - Peter Lemkin - 04-03-2010 BBC has just today done a report [only as sound now...will post when they transcribe] more than 13X increase in teratology [birth defects] in Fallujah - likely due to Depleted Uranium and other chemicals/munitions used by the US Forces and their poodles. Having studied Epidemiology, if it is above 13X in this number of years [and that is likely a very lowball figure even now!], it likely will go up by many fold in the next years. We have essentially poisoned and killed - or destroyed the lives of up to half of the children in Iraq. Almost no one in America cares about the 1.000.000 dead....let alone the children. We have become a callous world who watch and even fund and cheer-on holocausts without stopping to scream or march in the streets....except for a handful of moral souls, I fear. They hate us not for our 'freedoms' [we lost those anyway], they hate us for our bestial behavior, imperialism and genocidal war against them. Do listen to the BBC broadast - they get 3 cases of horrible birth defects per day - it was one per three months before the war. http://www.google.cz/url?q=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8548707.stm&ei=g2mPS9akHZKWmAPHwrydCw&sa=X&oi=spellmeleon_result&resnum=1&ct=result&ved=0CAYQhgIwAA&usg=AFQjCNFvp30oCA1Al01ghbLmpfXGDv3Pxg Very partial transcript - listen to the audio please! Birth defects 'have risen since US Falluja operation' By John Simpson World affairs editor, BBC News Many families left the town ahead of the US-led operation in 2004 A paediatrician and parents have told the BBC of a high level of birth defects among children in Falluja, Iraq, blaming weapons used by the US. Six years ago, in 2004, there were fierce battles as US forces subdued two uprisings in the town. Now, one hospital doctor told the BBC that they see two or three cases of birth defects each day. The US military says it is not aware of any official reports showing an increase in birth defects in the area. It says it always takes public health concerns about any population now living in a combat theatre "very seriously". I am a doctor, I have to be scientific... I have no proof and I have nothing documented, but I can tell you that year by year they were increasing Local hospital doctor "No studies to date have indicated environmental issues resulting in specific health issues," said US Military Health System Communications Director Michael Kilpatrick. "Unexploded ordinance, including improvised explosive devises, are a recognised hazard," he added. But local people blame the weapons used by the US troops during the fighting. It was hard to find doctors at the brand-new, US-funded hospital in Falluja who were prepared to talk about the problem. 'Savage epidemic' I was told they were scared to speak because the Iraqi government did not want to create trouble for the Americans. The official line is that Falluja has only two or three cases of birth defects a year more than normal. But, in the children's ward, I spoke to a paediatrician who told me he saw as many as two or three cases a day, mainly cardiac defects. That would mean that this medium-sized town has some 1,000 cases of birth defects a year. Every doctor, and every parent I spoke to there, believed the problem was the highly sophisticated weapons the US troops used against Falluja six years ago. The rubble from the damaged buildings was bulldozed into the river - and people in Falluja have got their drinking water from there ever since. I went to a house where all three young children were suffering from paralysis or brain damage. A man who heard I was there brought his daughter to show me - she had six fingers on each hand, and six toes on each foot, and suffered from several serious diseases. Falluja is in the grip of a savage epidemic, and the victims are the weakest and most vulnerable of all. Violations of Iraqi Children's Rights Under Occupation - David Guyatt - 04-03-2010 Suffer the little children, What nature of beast are we? Violations of Iraqi Children's Rights Under Occupation - Peter Lemkin - 04-03-2010 Much like the one we fought in the Second World War. They say when you fight your enemy, you most often become like them.....In this case the enemy never was an enemy, but the ordinary people we have murdered..but we have become like our invented 'terrorist' enemy phantoms and creations. Violations of Iraqi Children's Rights Under Occupation - Ed Jewett - 04-03-2010 Fallujah Doctors Report Rise in Birth Defects March 4th, 2010 Via: BBC: Doctors in the Iraqi city of Fallujah are reporting a high level of birth defects, with some blaming weapons used by the US after the Iraq invasion. The city witnessed fierce fighting in 2004 as US forces carried out a major offensive against insurgents. Now, the level of heart defects among newborn babies is said to be 13 times higher than in Europe. The US military says it is not aware of any official reports showing an increase in birth defects in the area. BBC world affairs editor John Simpson visited a new, US-funded hospital in Fallujah where paediatrician Samira al-Ani told him that she was seeing as many as two or three cases a day, mainly cardiac defects. Our correspondent also saw children in the city who were suffering from paralysis or brain damage – and a photograph of one baby who was born with three heads. He adds that he heard many times that officials in Fallujah had warned women that they should not have children. Doctors and parents believe the problem is the highly sophisticated weapons the US troops used in Fallujah six years ago. British-based Iraqi researcher Malik Hamdan told the BBC’s World Today programme that doctors in Fallujah were witnessing a “massive unprecedented number” of heart defects, and an increase in the number of nervous system defects. She said that one doctor in the city had compared data about birth defects from before 2003 – when she saw about one case every two months – with the situation now, when, she saw cases every day. Ms Hamdan said that based on data from January this year, the rate of congenital heart defects was 95 per 1,000 births – 13 times the rate found in Europe. “I’ve seen footage of babies born with an eye in the middle of the forehead, the nose on the forehead,” she added. A spokesman for the US military, Michael Kilpatrick, said it always took public health concerns “very seriously”. “No studies to date have indicated environmental issues resulting in specific health issues,” he said. “Unexploded ordinance, including improvised explosive devices, are a recognised hazard,” he added. Violations of Iraqi Children's Rights Under Occupation - David Guyatt - 05-03-2010 DU dust particles has that sort effect on people. And worse. I remember being told a story by a quite prominent member of Parliament of a case involving members of Her Majesty's armed forces who were guests at US facility and a fight broke out between US and Brits. The next day, the Brit officer rounded up the offending members of his command and as a punishment detail had them clear up a site that had been heavily contaminated with DU dust. They were forbidden to wear protective gear. Nice chap that officer. The sort who gave "fragging" a good name. It's the sort of story one might ordinarily discard but the Parliamentarian was well versed, specialized in fact, on military matters and I have not the slightest doubt the story was true. Violations of Iraqi Children's Rights Under Occupation - Peter Lemkin - 05-03-2010 There are thousands, and I didn't spend the time to find the best [worst]. Here is a typical report on D.U. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TC0-44JYKFP-1&_user=10&_coverDate=12%2F31%2F2001&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=8a8b773ff8b25b6f905c98f8fdeddc37 of which many thousand TONS of which have been emplaced in micro-pulverized form in Iraq.