Naval Intelligence, MKUltra and the Hippie Movement

[Linda Minor]

hi
the brotherhood of eternal love was the object of a US senate subcommittee investigation, called: HASHISH SMUGGLING AND PASSPORT FRAUD:
"The Brotherhood of Eternal Love". It was the SUBCOMMITTEE TO INVESTIGATE THE ADMINISTEATION OF THE INTERNAL SECURITY ACT AND OTHER INTERNAL SECURITY LAWS, back in 1973.
Jan

Thanks. I found the book online at http://www.archive.org/stream/hashishsmu...t_djvu.txt
and will look it over.

[Linda Minor]

http://www.archive.org/stream/hashishsmu...t_djvu.txt
Mr. Bartels. At some point late in 1967 or early 1968. members of the brotherhood developed their most important foreign contact for hashish. According to subsequent indictment, this was the Tokhi brothers who reside in Afghanistan on the outskirts of Kabul, its capital city. Brotherhood smugglers developed elaborate and successful means of getting the hashish into the United States. One of their earlier techniques was to hide quantities of 15 to 20 pounds of the drug within the interiors of fiberglass surfboards which they manufactured.

This was soon considered too small a quantity, however, and they graduated to specially designed traps in Volkswagen campers or other vehicles which could hold up to 1,300 pounds in a single shipment. Their mode of operation placed heavy reliance on the use of false passports; and with their financial resources and false documents, they achieved complete international mobility.
Dunno: the period of their successes, we have estimated on the basis of hard intelligence that approximately 24 tons of hashish Avas smiiofjrled into this country. Although most of this drug came from their dealings withm Aftrhanistan. we also know that shipments were brought m from both
Lebanon and India. ...

Mr. Bartels. Moreover, the brotherhood was not content merely to smuggle and market hashish. Under the guidance of one of its chief chemists, the brotherhood developed the manufacture of an even more potent product called marihuana or hashish oil. In the course of our investigation, six such hashish oil laboratories were seized. ...

Marihuana— or hashish— oil was first encountered in February 1972. Since then the number of exhibits received has increased and so has the potencv as measured bv the percentage of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) present. During fiscal year 1973, 49.3 pounds of the drug were seized with an average THC content of 46 percent. This is a highly potent and concentrated hallucinogenic substance which can be manufactured with relatively simple equipment. As such, it must be regarded as a novel and threatening shift in marihuana abuse which should give those who advocate its legalization cause to re-think their position.

In the meantime, they continued their manufacture and distribution of LSD under the trade name of "Orange Sunshine." Until the recent enforcement successes, this product, which has now disappeared entirely,was found in quantity all over the world....

[Linda Minor]

http://www.archive.org/stream/hashishsmu...t_djvu.txt
Dr. Timothy Leary was arrested by a U.S. Customs official in possession of a
small quantity of marihuana at Laredo, Tex., on December 22, 1965. The facts of the case are as follows:
Dr. Timothy Leary left New York on December 20, 1965, by automobile,
accompanied by his two children, Susan, age 18, and John, age 16, and two
other persons. Their destination was Yucatan, Mexico, and the alleged purpose of the trip was a Christmas vacation for the Leary children and to provide Dr. Leary the opportunity to write a book and to prepare for a summer session to be conducted with a research group at his home in Millbrook, New York. On December 22, 1965, Dr. Leary and the four passengers drove across the international boundary at Laredo, Texas, into the Republic of Mexico, stopped at the Mexican immigration station for several minutes, and turned back toward the United States. At approximately 6:45 p.m., they arrived at the secondary inspection area. Laredo International Bridge. Laredo. Texas. Dr. Leary, the driver of the vehicle, told a U.S. Customs oflScial that they had driven across the boundary into Mexico within the prior hour, that they had been unable to secure tourist permits and had been told by Mexican immigration officials to return the following morning at 8:00 am. at which time the necessary Mexican permits would be given to them. The U.S. inspector asked the group if they had anvthing to declare from Mexico and was told that they had not. After the occupants alighted from the vehicle, the U.S. inspector observed some vegetable material and a seed on the floor of the automobile which appeared to him to be marihuana. Thus the five travelers were arrested. A search of the baggage, the vehicle and of the individuals was made. Sweepings from the car floor and glove compartment were later proved to be marihuana. While Dr. Leary was being searched, he stated that he had never used marihuana. A woman Customs inspector performed a personal search of the two female travelers, which resulted in the finding of a small metal container on the person of Susan Leary after she had disrobed. Within the container were three partially smoked marihuana cigarettes, a small quantity of seral-refined marihuana and capsules of detroamphetamine sulfate. Demand was made of Dr. Leary for the required Treasury Department transferee form.
He stated that he had no such form. Susan Leary, in response to the same demand, refused to make any statement. Dr. Leary admitted to a U.S. Customs Agent that the metal box taken from his daughter. Susan, containing the marihuana was his property. Dr. Timothy Leary and his minor daughter were jointly indicted on three pounts pertainine to marihuana. Dr. Leary was tried before a jury on Maroh 11, 1969. Count 1. which charged the smuggling of marihuana into the United States which should have been invoiced (declared), was dismissed by the court.

Dr. Leary was found guilty, however, on Count 2. which charged transportation and facilitation of transportation, and concealment of marihuana after importation, in violation of 21 U.S.C. 176a, and on Count 3, which charged transportation and concealment of marihuana bv defendants as transferees, required to pay the transfer tax in violation of 26 U.S.C. 4744 (a) (2). Dr. Learv was sentenced to the maximum penalties and fines provided for such offenses, subject however, to the provisions of 18 U.S.C. 4208(b), and was ordered committed to the medical center at Springfield. Missouri, for a complete study to be used by the court as a basis for determining the ultimate sentence in the case. Susan Leary was tried at the same time as her father. Dr. Leary, by the court without a jury (trial by jury having been waived) and found guilty on Count 3 of the indictment but not guilty on Counts 1 and 2. Imposition of sentence was suspended and she was placed on probation during the remainder of her minority, without supervision, under the provisions of the Youth Corruptions Act. 18 U.S.C. 5010 (a). Dr. Leary appealed his conviction on Counts 2 and 3 to the Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit which affirmed the lower court's findings.
Dr. Leary then petitioned to the Supreme Court and the Supreme Court agreed to consider two questions: (1) whether petitioner's conviction for failing to comply with the transfer provisions of the Marihuana Tax Act violated his Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination; (2) whether petitioner was denied due process by the application of the part of 21 U.S.C. 176a which provides that a defendant's possession of marihuana shall be deemed suflicient evidence that the marihuana was illegally imported or brought into the United States, and that the defendant knew of the illegal importation or bring in, unless the defendant explains his possession to the satisfaction of the jury.

On May 19, 1969. the Supreme Court held in favor of the petitioner (Dr.
Leary) on both issues and reversed the judgement of the Court of Appeals....

Mr. Sourwine. "Was it the brotherhood which invented or first developed hashish oil ?
Mr. Bartels. Yes, I think that is right. It was [Nicholas] Sand, was it not?
Mr. Sixclair. No. Another brotherhood member.

[Linda Minor]

http://www.archive.org/stream/hashishsmu...t_djvu.txt

Mr. Chairman, distinguished members of the subcommittee, to the agents who participated in the Brotherhood of Eternal Love investigation, it was not just another routine case. For nearly a year and a half, we felt the pulse of what has come to be realized as one of the largest and most complex drug systems in the history of this country's narcotic law enforcement efforts.
Possibly you might ask: Are these notorious international traffickers from Italy. Mexico, or Turkey, or from the Golden Triansfle in Southeast Asia? No. gentlemen, the great majority of these violators are from California; but, our story does not beerin there. Although no one knew it at the time, the Brotherhood of Eternal Love began with Dr. Timothy Francis Leary at Harvard University in 1963. It was in 1963 that Dr. Leary was fired from his post at Harvard as a result of his experimentation with LSD. He soon found a friend in
multimillionaire "William Mellon Hitchcock, and was allowed to continue his experimentation with LSD from Hitchcock's 4,000-acre estate in Millbrook, a quiet community in Dutchess County, N.Y. From 1963 to 1966. Dr. Timothy Leary planted the seeds of "mysticism through drufifs" in the minds of countless thousands of young Americans. Even Dr. Leary never realized the fruitfulness of his crop or the international ramifications of its harvest.
From Millbrook, Dr. Leary traveled to Berkeley. Calif., and from Berkeley to a small city in southern California called Laguna Beach. This village-type community was soon to become the psychedelic drug capital of the world.

In October 1966, the Brotherhood of Eternal Love became a legal corporation in the State of California. The brotherhood was also granted a tax-exempt status on the basis that it claimed to be a religious organization. The brotherhood was heavily drug oriented. From its inception, in addition, intelligence indicates that the group was ceremoniouslv practicing group sexual freedom in connection with the use of drugs. From 1966 to 1968, the brotherhood flourished by dealing in marihuana smuggled in 100-pound lots from Mexico and by trafficking in LSD obtained from illicit sources and from Sandoz Chemical "Works in Basel, Switzerland.

Mr. Sourwine: Do you imply that the LSD obtained from the Basel firm was legally obtained ?
Mr. Sinclair: There was a time when lysergic acid diethylamide was available commercially. The first person to synthesis it worked for Sandoz and Sandoz actually manufactured it commercially.
Mr. SouRwinE. Thank you.
Mr. Sinclair. But, that was not enough; and in the latter part of 1967, Glenn Lynd and two other brotherhood members traveled to Afghanistan in search of a permanent source of supply for brotherhood hashish.
Mr. SouRwixE. That is Glenn Lynd, L-y-n-d ?
Mr. Sinclair. That is correct, sir.
They purchased 125 pounds of high-quality Afghanistan hashish from their suppliers in Afghanistan for $15 a pound and smuggled it back into California where they sold it for $900 a pound. This was to be the first 125 pounds of nearly 24 tons of hashish smuggled into the United States from Afghanistan, Lebanon, and India by the Brotherhood of Eternal Love. In the summer of 1968, brotherhood members traveled to San Francisco in an attempt to secure a permanent source of supply for LSD — which they found. The LSD was to be called orange sunshine and the laboratory was to be set up in December 1968.
Mr. SouRwinE. May I interrupt for a moment, sir?
Mr. Sinclair. Yes. sir.

Mr. SouRwixE. Here again, you used this 24-ton figure as though it
was the end of the Leary operation. Do you know that 24 tons or any
other amount is all thev were ever going to smuggle in ?
Mr. SincLAiR. No, sir.
Mr. SouRwinE. Have you put them out of the business ?
Mr. SincLAiR. No, sir.
Mr. SouRwixE. So that is only what you know about that they have
done heretofore ?
Mr. SincLAiR. That is correct.
Mr. SouRwinE. Go ahead.
Mr. Strange. Two weeks affo there were 923 pounds of hash seized in New York and Las Vegas. That was a brotherhood shipment.
Mr. Sourwine. Where in Las Vegas ?
Mr. Strange. It came in from Amsterdam through Kennedy Airport to New York and from there to Las Vegas. It cleared U.S. customs in Las Vegas and it was seized on the outskirts of town, being transported from Las Vegas to southern California in a large Ryder truck.
Mr. SouRwinE. Came in through the McCarran Airport in Las Vegas. All right go ahead.
Mr. Sinclair. In March 1969, the first batch of "orange sunshine" LSD was made bv brotherhood members in a laboratory located outside of San Francisco. Slightly under 1 million tablets were produced in this first endeavor. Numerous millions were to be made in the next 4 years.
At this point in time, the Brotherhood of Eternal Ix>ve was the largest supplier of hashish and LSD in the United States.
Mr. SouRWiNE. Let us get the reference. That phrase "point of time" has meant a lot of things. You are talking about March 1969.
Mr. Sinclair. That is correct, sir.
Mr. SouRWINE. Go ahead.
Mr. Sinclair. The center of their operations was still Laguna Beach, Calif., although they were fast becoming international travelers and were purchasing property in Hawaii, Canada, Central America, and several States neighboring California. From 1966 to 1971, members of the brotherhood traveled throughout the world using false identities with passports obtained under assumed names. Their operations were virtually untouchable during this period of time.
Mr. SouRwiNE. Why was that ?
Mr. Sinclair. Because of their mobility, because no one was really aware of the extent of their activities.
Mr. SouRWiNE. Do they have any untouchability today ?
Mr. Sinclair. No, sir.
Mr. SoTJRwiNE. Their pretentions to be a religion do not do them any good any more, do they ?
Mr. Sinclair. No, sir.
Mr. SouRWiNE. Go ahead.

Mr. Sinclair. No arrests were made of major figures in the organization, and thousands of pounds of hashish and millions of dosage units of "orange sunshine" LSD were being distributed through outlets in southern California. Local authorities were aware of the brotherhood's existence but could not penetrate the organization's outer wall. The only significant accomplishment by local authorities during this period was the arrest of Dr. Timothy Leary on December 26, 1968, in Laguna Beach, Calif., for possession of marihuana. Dr. Leary was convicted in February of 1970 and sentenced to State prison for a termof 1 to 10 years. According to one of his companions, Leary escaped
from prison in September 1970 with the help of the Weathermen faction of the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) who also provided him with false papers and arranged for his flight abroad. According to several sources, the brotherhood paid $50,000 to the Weathermen to see their spiritual leader set free. While in Algiers and Switzerland. Leary, despite the fact that he
was in exile, still exercised a major influence over the brotherhood, and
was visited constantly by the higher echelon of the brotherhood organization.

In November of 1971, the brotherhood suffered its first rnaior setback when George Oliphant Avas arrested in Lebanon while in possession of 800 pounds of hashish. It was later determined that Oliphant and otlier members of the bi'otherhood had smuggled approximately 4,000 iKMinds of Lebanese hashish into the United States since 1968.
Mr. SoURWINE. Did they make almost $900 a pound on all of that?
Mr. Sinclair. Yes, sir. Oliphant is still in prison in Lebanon. On December 15, 1971, brotherhood member Donald Alexander Hambarian was arrested in Laguna Beach, Calif., while operating a hashish oil laboratory. This hashish oil was to be the first encountered in the United States. Hambarian was also in possession of 86,000 dosage units of LSD. Also in December of 1971, the two Afghan sources came to the United States accompanied by a brotherhood member, Robert Dale Ackerly, now serving: sentence. Their trip appeared to be nothing more than a sightseeing tour until it was learned that two shipments of hashish totaling over 2,000 pounds were on their way to southern California. The Afghans were overseeing these shipments.

In January of 1972, brotherhood member Michael Lee Pooiey was
arrested in Laguna Beach, Calif., while in possession of 133,000 dosage
units of "orange sunshine" LSD.
Mr. SouRwixE. What did that sell for ?
Mr. SincLAiR. Well, it depends again on supply and demand. You can sell tablets for as little as $1 apiece, or you can sell as many as 4,000 of them for $600. It just depends.
Mr. SincLAiR. Later that same month, the first of the Afghan hashish
shipments was seized in Portland, Oreg. This shipment totaled 1,330
pounds and still stands as the largest quantity of hashish ever seized in
the United States. In February of 1972, the second shipment of Afghanistan hashish was seized in Vancouver, British Columbia. This load totaled 729
pounds. According: to outstanding indictments, both the Portland and
the Vancouver shipments belonged to Brotherhood Chief Robert Lee
Andrist. At this time, intelligence revealed Andrist was in control of
the hashish smuggling arm of the brotherhood, while Michael Boyd
Randall was generally considered to be the head of the "orange sunshine" LSD operation. Both Andrist and Randall became fugitives subsequent to indictment in this matter.
In March of 1972, Gordon Fred Johnson was arrested in Laguna
Beach, Calif., for distributing approximately 50,000 dosage units of
"orange sunshine" LSD. Over $46,000 in cash was found in Johnson's
residence upon execution of a search warrant. Also in March, Eric Chastain was arrested in southern California for distributing 45,000
dosage units of "orange sunshine" LSD.
Mr. SouRwinE. Chastain is part of this Leary family, too ?
Mr. SincLAiR. He is part of the brotherhood ; yes, sir.
It became apparent that the mere seizures of hashish and LSD were
doing very little to disrupt the Brotherhood of Eternal Love as a major
drug system. As a result of this observation. Federal, State, and local
narcotic officers formed a strike force, with the brotherhood as their
sole target. ...

[Linda Minor]

http://ca.findacase.com/research/wfrmDoc....CA.htm/qx

April 16, 1973

THE PEOPLE, PLAINTIFF AND RESPONDENT,
v.
DONALD ALEXANDER HAMBARIAN, DEFENDANT AND APPELLANT

...Keith C. Monroe and George H. Chula for Defendant and Appellant....
Preliminary Fact Statement

It was the theory of the prosecution that defendant, using his own name Donald Hambarian and an alias, David Talbert, was engaging in the charged unlawful conduct primarily at a residence at 1183 Miramar Street, Laguna Beach. Quite correctly, defendant does not challenge the sufficiency of the evidence to support his convictions, for the evidence of his guilt can only be characterized as overwhelming. Substantial quantities of narcotics, dangerous drugs and paraphernalia were found in numerous locations throughout the residence; defendant alone was found present at the residence; personal effects belonging to defendant were found scattered throughout the residence; and his occupancy of the premises, at least as a cotenant, was established by at least two disinterested witnesses. Nevertheless, a statement of some of the pertinent facts is necessary at this point to understand the contentions made by defendant and our disposition thereof. Further facts, most of them procedural, will be set forth hereinafter in connection with the contentions to which they pertain.

At about 2 a.m. on December 15, 1971, at the Laguna Beach police station, Agent Michael Barnes of the Bureau of Narcotics Enforcement obtained a search warrant for the premises at 1183 Miramar Street, Laguna Beach, a residence structure consisting of three levels, the lowest level being a cellar or at least having a dirt floor. At about 4 a.m. that same morning, Agent Barnes, in the company of other law enforcement personnel, executed the warrant. They approached the front door of the house and twice knocked and loudly announced their identity, their possession of a search warrant and their intention of serving the warrant. They heard some noise inside the residence, but no one came to the door, and after waiting a moment or two, they opened the unlocked front door and entered. The only person found in the premises was defendant, who appeared to be asleep, in an alcove near the kitchen. A light was on in the kitchen. Agent Barnes looked into the kitchen, saw marijuana in ash trays and ice trays on the kitchen table and placed defendant under arrest. Within the house were found numerous documents bearing the names Talbert or Hambarian. A wallet was found containing a receipt bearing the name David Talbert and the address 1183 Miramar. In the same wallet there was a California driver's license in the name of Donald Hambarian. Also found was a receipt from an automobile repair agency made out to David Talbert. In one of the kitchen cabinets there were found a temporary driver's license and a receipt for the same in the name of defendant. In a closet on the lower level of the house were found photographs of defendant with other persons. In an overhead cabinet in the kitchen was found a glass flask with oily substance in it later determined to be hashish oil. In the storage area below the house in an ammunition box there were found nine plastic baggies containing numerous pills later determined to be LSD. Within a plaid canvas bag in a hall closet there were found white plastic bags containing what appeared to be marijuana and numerous bottles containing various colored powders appearing to be restricted dangerous drugs. It was later determined that these containers did in fact contain mescaline sulfate, DMT and LSD. Also found within the plaid canvas bag was material later determined to be hashish. Found buried beneath the house (in the ground floor of the lower level) was a plastic bottle containing approximately $7,799 in currency. Also found in various places in the house were sizable quantities of ethyl alcohol (commonly used as a solvent to extract the active ingredient from hashish into hashish oil), a scale of a type commonly associated with the measurement and sale of narcotics and numerous vessels and smoking pipes of various sizes and descriptions containing residue of marijuana or hashish.

Mr. Redick was a real estate broker who negotiated the rental of the premises at 1183 Miramar Street in the spring of 1971 with a man named James Cowie. The rental agreement indicated that the premises were to be occupied by Cowie, Cowie's wife and another adult person. Mr. Redick saw Cowie early in May 1971 but did not see him thereafter.

Jo Ann Redick, the wife of the aforementioned Mr. Redick, was also a real estate broker in business with her husband in Laguna Beach. She received a number of communications from the owner of the premises at 1183 Miramar Street, Reverend Merwin, expressing some concern about the property. As a result of these communications, she went to the residence on a number of occasions. The first occasion was in early August 1971. She was greeted by defendant. She asked defendant if Mr. Cowie was there, and defendant said Mr. Cowie was in Hawaii but that he, defendant, was the third person on the rental agreement. Defendant paid her the rent and promised to keep up the premises. In October 1971, Mrs. Redick again went to the house where she had a conversation with defendant. Defendant stated that his name was David Talbert; that Mr. Cowie was no longer there; that he and another person named "Cappie" "were now in the property" and, again, that he was the third person on the rental agreement. "Cappie" was also present on this occasion. Just before Thanksgiving, in November 1971, Mrs. Redick again went to the house, saw defendant and had a conversation with him. Mrs. Redick told defendant that Reverend Merwin was worried about the condition of the house and wanted to make a physical inspection. Defendant gave her a telephone number and said he and the other residents would be more than happy to show the owner through. Although defendant's hair was somewhat shorter at the time of trial than when she had previously seen him, Mrs. Redick was positive that defendant was the same person she met and talked to at the house in August, October and November 1971 who identified himself as David Talbert.

Reverend Merwin, having been unable to communicate with Mr. Cowie and having been supplied by Mrs. Redick with the telephone number furnished by defendant, telephoned that number and asked for Dave Talbert. The person to whom he spoke on the telephone made an appointment for Reverend Merwin to inspect the property. Reverend Merwin then went to the property and was shown through by defendant, who indicated that he was the person to whom the Reverend had spoken on the phone.

Mr. Grimm was the service manager for a Datsun dealer in Laguna Beach in 1971. He had dealings with defendant and worked on his car in August, October and November or December 1971. On each occasion, defendant represented himself to be David Talbert and gave his address as 1183 Miramar, Laguna Beach.

The defense was that on the morning defendant was found and arrested at the residence at 1183 Miramar, he was not a cotenant or regular occupant of the premises but, rather, a casual visitor. Defendant, however, did not testify at trial. The only significant evidence presented by the defense in support of this theory was the testimony of Dennis Soiffer, a friend of defendant. Mr. Soiffer testified that on the evening of December 14, 1971, defendant came to Mr. Soiffer's residence at 989 Miramar Street, Laguna Beach and that Mr. Soiffer, his girlfriend Debra Hogan and defendant went in defendant's automobile to see a motion picture in Hollywood. They returned to Laguna Beach sometime after 2 a.m. on December 15. Upon returning to Laguna Beach, Mr. Soiffer invited defendant to sleep at his residence, but defendant said "[he] was going to check and see if he could sleep at the other house up the street, if anybody was there to let him in." Mr. Soiffer knew that defendant was living in the house at 1183 Miramar in about August 1971, but he did not know where he was living thereafter, nor did he know where he was living on December 15, 1971. Indeed, he did not know from where defendant had come just prior to picking him up to go to the movies. Mr. Soiffer had never known defendant to use the name David Talbert.

Debra Hogan also testified for the defense, verifying that she, Soiffer and defendant had attended a motion picture in Hollywood on the night of December 14, 1971, and that they had not returned to Laguna Beach until after 2 a.m. on the 15th.....

[Linda Minor]

http://www.archive.org/stream/hashishsmu...t_djvu.txt
Mr. Sinclair. On January 14, 1973, Dr. Timothy Leary was located by DEA agents in Kabul, Afghanistan; and on January 18, 1973, he was returned to Los Angeles, Calif. State and Federal agents arrested Leary on the BEL charges and for escape from a California prison farm in 1970. Leary was arraigned on BEL charges in State court on January 30, 1973, and bail was set at $5 million. Leary was convicted of the escape and, on April 23, 1973, was sentenced to 5 years in State prison. On January 19, 1973, brotherhood chemist Nicholas Sand was arrested in St. Louis, Mo., and his laboratories seized. These illicit laboratories proved to be the largest of their kind ever seized in the United States, with a value of approximately $500,000. The tableting press for the "orange sunshine" LSD was also seized along with 50,000 dosage units of the drug already tableted. Powdered LSD capable of producing over 14 million tablets of "orange sunshine" was found at two locations, along with the formulas and raw materials for the production of over 100 different psychedelic drugs.

On Easter Sunday, April 22, 1973, BEL Task Force agents arrested four members of BEL in Santa Cruz, Calif. Three of those arrested were fugitives from other jurisdictions. Some contraband was seized, along with seven phony passports. Huge stores of false identification were seized, indicating this was a point of contact of BEL fugitives desiring false identification and papers. On April 25, 1973, Nicholas Sand, Timothy Scully, Michael Randall,
and four other major figures in the LSD operation were indicted by a Federal grand jury in San Francisco, Calif. Four of these higher echelon members are still fugitives.

Mr. SouRwinE. Now, for the record, would you identify the four that you did not name, and indicate which of the eight are the four that are still fugitives?
Mr. Sinclair. Yes, sir. The individuals referred to are David Lee Mantel; Charles Druce, currently a fugitive; Lester Friedman; and Ronald H[adley] Stark, currently a fugitive. In addition to these four individuals, one of those previously mentioned, Michael Randall, is also a fugitive. That, briefly, is a chronological summary of the Brotherhood of Eternal Love investigation. Overall statistics of Operation BEL concerning arrests and seizures are nearly unbelievable. To date, the brotherhood investigation has resulted "in the arrests of over 100 individuals, including Dr. Timothy Leary who is currently serving 15 years in Folsom prison. Four LSD laboratories have been seized, along with over 1 million "orange sunshine" LSD tablets, and LSD powder in excess of 3,500 grams, capable of producing over 14 million dosage units of the drug. In addition, the source of diversion for the raw materials needed in the production of LSD was identified in Europe. A total of six hashish oil laboratories were seized, along with over 30 gallons of hashish oil and approximately 6,000 pounds of solid hashish.

[Jan Klimkowski]

Linda - thank you for posting those court transcripts, which read very much like a sanitized limited hangout of an intelligence operation.

There is a confusion between the importation of hashish oil and LSD. Both are hallucinogens, but they are very different both in terms of manufacturing process and effects.

Classically, as per Hofmann and Sandoz, LSD is derived from ergot - the grain fungus which grows on rye and which is believed to be responsible for "witches' trips" and mass village hallucinations in medieval Europe.

Leary, Harvard and MK-ULTRA originally got much of their LSD directly from Sandoz.

My understanding was the Brotherhood of Eternal Love imported much of their LSD with the help of Ronald Stark.

And where does Ronald Hadley Stark take us?

Cue Twlight Zone music.....

:creep:

:creep:

:call:

The Process Church of the Final Judgement.

:eviltongue:

In the summer of 1964, Beat novelist Ken Kesey (the author of One Flew Over The Cuckoo’s Nest and who had been an MK-ULTRA test subject at Stanford along with Allen Ginsberg and Grateful Dead musician Bob Hunter) launched a yearlong cross-country trip in a Day-Glo painted school bus filled with friends called "Merry Pranksters." The Merry Pranksters distributed thousands of doses of LSD along the way (a phenomenon colorfully described in author Tom Wolfe’s 1969 novel, The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test) supplied by one Ronald Hadley Stark. Stark (who died in 1984) was a CIA operative fluent in five languages with access to unlimited public funds and numerous high-level contacts in business and government throughout the world.

For instance, when the underground manufacture and distribution of LSD was suddenly derailed in 1969 due to the scarcity of its key ingredient, ergotamine tartrate, and increasing federal law enforcement pressure, Stark, via the Laguna Beach, Calif.-based Brotherhood of Eternal Love, a small group of local surfers led by chemist Nicholas Sand, got it quickly back on track. For five years, Stark, aided by the Castle Bank of the Bahamas (which pioneered the art of money laundering for the Mob) and his contacts in a French pharmaceutical firm, facilitated the mass production and distribution (via the Brotherhood and other groups) an even more powerful strain of LSD nicknamed "orange sunshine." This firm also manufactured BZ. Stark (who operated LSD labs in Brussels and Paris as well) claimed he was going to supply orange sunshine as an offensive weapon to CIA-backed Tibetan rebels fighting the Chinese occupation.

Stark also was a close friend of the Los Angeles founders of a small breakaway Scientology sect called "The Process Church of the Final Judgement," English expatriates Robert DeGrimston Moore and Mary Ann McClean.

http://www.lewrockwell.com/orig/kreca1.html


:trytofly:

[Jan Klimkowski]

And where does the "Castle Bank of the Bahamas" lead?

:burnout:

Nugan Hand.

:tomato:

[Linda Minor]

http://www.archive.org/stream/testimonyo...t_djvu.txt
TESTIMONY OF FRANCES G. KNIGHT

...The Brotherhood's hashish smuggling operation is headed by one experienced smuggler who coordinates the worldwide illegal drug traffic.

To finance the smuggling operation, a group of Brotherhood members or their
friends will combine their finances. A portion of the money will be advanced to the top smuggler to make arrangements to purchase the load cf hashish, obtain false identifications and pay expenses.

If a car is to be used in the smuggling operation, it is usually purchased in the U.S. and fitted with hidden compartments. The vehicle is then shipped to
Afghanistan.

One of the smuggling team, the "load man," will travel to Afghanistan to
make the purchase of the hashish. In Afghanistan the Brotherhood deals with
Amanullah Salam Tokhi and his brother Hayatuuah Tokhi to obtain the "finest quality" hashish. The Tokhi brothers were also indicted for their part in the Brotherhood's narcotics running scheme.

"When the vehicle is loaded with hashish it is taken out of Afghanistan supplied with new, false registration, shipped back to the U.S., usually to a port known not to have major narcotics problems.

When the vehicle arrives, it is picked up by another member of the Brotherhood and the shipment is never in the true name of the cult member. The Brotherhood's head smuggler is then informed and makes arrangements for the distribution of the hashish load to the investors and receives the balance of the money.

The year long investigation has revealed that the Brotherhood uses numer-
ous businesses as fronts for the sale and distribution of the hashish, LSD, and cocaine. Brotherhood members have been tied to health food shops, juice bars, psychedelic shops, record stores, surf equipment stores, used car lots, a rug company and a beach club.

The results of today's task force operation will severely undercut the leadership of this drug subculture which has been a strong influence, especially among young people, since the early 1960's.

[Linda Minor]

http://www.druglibrary.net/schaffer/lsd/...elcont.htm
http://www.druglibrary.net/schaffer/lsd/books/bel5.htm
The Brotherhood of Eternal Love
Stewart Tendler and Davaid May
The Brotherhood of Eternal Self-Interest
CHAPTER NINETEEN
...If the BNDD had to give Woodland Drive a miss, the span of their organization allowed them to find other places, vulnerable spots in the Brotherhood network: places like Afghanistan.
Scotland Yard had sent over a copy of an address found during the Brotherhood arrests in Broadstairs years before. It matched one provided by CAT—the Tokhis' rug shop in Kandahar.

For the first time, BNDD had an agent in Kabul. Terence Burke was a CIA veteran who spoke local dialects fluently, having served as an undercover agent alongside Interpol to break up a group of dealers running hash from India to the United States.
Burke formed a working partnership with the Interpol representative and adviser, a formidable West German prepared to use unorthodox methods and disguises to ensnare dealers. The American agent began by establishing cooperation with the Afghan authorities. He arranged to get copies of embarkation and disembarkation airline cards for American travellers; and from this basic information he got checks run at home in the BNDD files to monitor who was coming and going. He rapidly gathered considerable information on the many Californians who seemed to favour Afghanistan for visits. Burke found the smugglers often favoured a route which took them from San Francisco to Beirut to Kabul to Delhi, and back westwards. The agent's researches confirmed the Tokhi brothers as major hash dealers with an almost exclusively American clientele, and linked with the information from the United States.
Burke was on hand in November 1971 when the Tokhis left Afghanistan to visit the Brotherhood for Christmas—details of the trip were known to the police in California even before the Tokhis set off. All along their route they were under surveillance. Once they arrived in California, the Afghanis found themselves the centre of attention in more ways than one. Wherever they and their hosts went, narcotics agents blatantly photographed and recorded almost their every move. Andrist took them to Disneyland, and the police were close behind. The party went to see wild animals at a safari park, attended by a police helicopter overhead.
In their absence Burke was busy, building up his dossiers. In Kabul he found a hash oil operation hidden behind a hotel the Tokhis often used to put up their Brotherhood guests. Perched on top of a fifteen-foot wall surrounding the house used for the production operation, Burke one night found himself almost overcome by fumes from an open window.
He was on hand at Kabul airport a month later to watch another Brotherhood trip. The Brothers were getting sloppy. Alexander Kulik, a distributor, had approached a 50-year-old unemployed Californian to act as courier. For $2,000, Kulik inveigled the man to leave his trailer home in San Diego, fly to Afghanistan and bring back 5 kilos of hash oil. Who, reasoned Kulik, would suspect such an ageing courier?
Unfortunately, the man was a sometime customs informant and, once in Kabul, decided he did not want to go ahead with the arrangement. The day before he was due to leave Kabul with the oil hidden in a special rubber vest, the man contacted Burke. The next day, as Kulik and his man were about to leave the check-in desk at Kabul airport, the courier suddenly dumped a bag hiding the vest at Kulik's feet, announced he was not going through with the flight and walked off. ...

Burke's information was reaching the United States and joining the growing library of flow-charts, bulletins, maps and position papers. The investigation Purcell had unleashed was getting so large that in May 1972 a council of war was held amid tight security at a San Francisco hotel to plot the way forward. Ramsey was there from Oregon with police officers from up and down southern California, BNDD agents and attorneys. The discussions, tape-recorded and later edited, ranged across the spectrum of what so far was known of the Brotherhood and by now their knowledge was considerable. By following possible Brotherhood members, agents had identified at least five businesses in Laguna and La Jolla, further down the coast, which could be front organizations. The trail of false identities used by the Brotherhood was laid out—birth certificates from New York; drivers' licences from Oregon, Utah, Hawaii, Nevada and California; military service cards; draft cards and student ID cards. Few Brothers owned cars but many used hire firms giving false addresses.
The report which came out of the meeting included examples of the false papers and a chart detailing the organization as the police understood it. At the top they ranked Leary and Hitchcock. One arm led down through Andrist and the Tokhi brothers to over twenty distributors in Laguna, Costa Rica, Idylwild and San Diego, trading in hash, marijuana and cocaine. On the LSD side, the arm stretched down through Randall to Sand and on to almost a score of People in Laguna, Hawaii, Oregon and Santa Barbara. The report added the warning that roles were interchangeable: Brothers could deal in both LSD and marijuana. It was felt, however, that the latter, in various forms, had taken over from LSD as the main market.
Given Purcell's feelings about Leary, it is hardly surprising that a great deal of emphasis was put on his role in the Brotherhood. Under the heading of modus operandi, the report noted that: 'subjects are "mystics" and study the "religious" philosophy of Timothy Leary and other sects from the Near East and European countries. Subjects frequently have Buddha statues and Eastern musical instruments and artifacts in their residence...' Subjects were difficult to interrogate, fortified by their religious sense of mission.
To help investigators know when they were dealing with Brotherhood members, the report reproduced symbols believed to be used by them. The symbols, said the report, could often be found in Brotherhood homes or written on letters. One was the Yin-Yang sign and another was the word OM, used in Buddhist chants. The report included a reproduction of a poster found in a Brotherhood house which explained OM and how to pronounce it.
At the back of the report was a rogues' gallery of suspects. Hitchcock was there in a picture taken from a newspaper. Andrist glowered out from behind a Laguna Beach police number. John Gale looked biblical with his long flowing hair and gentle smile. He had been caught a few months earlier with thirty gallons of hash oil. Sand wore his hair short in what looked like a passport photograph. Under the picture of Leary, chin up and grim, the caption read: 'Wanted Escapee'.
The BNDD produced its own report in which the Brotherhood was held responsible for 50 per cent of all the LSD and hash to be found in the United States. In an investigation, classified AM-00007, BNDD scientists had already tried to trace the extent of Orange Sunshine by analysing seizures, comparing them under the microscope and producing a ballistics table. The LSD had turned up in thirteen states right across the country. The report noted that by 1968 the Brothers were 'developing a justified reputation as being the major suppliers of LSD and hashish on the West Coast'. The report hit on one of the key problems of the investigation to date: many Brothers had been arrested on false identification, released on very low bail, then vanished. At least fifteen individuals were on the run from state and local police agencies.
The report was headed 'Justification for Possible Task Force Activity'. The justification was accepted in Washington. BNDD was going to experiment with a concerted effort, bringing to bear all resources on Operation BEL. At the same time, within California the police at state and local level were assembling their own task force to operate beneath the BNDD's umbrella. Purcell's lonely initiative in Woodland Drive had eventually mobilized a force of some 200 agents and police officers. The battle between the law and the Brotherhood was beginning to look like a primeval struggle between leviathans: ambuscades and sallies in the jungle of the drug world. ...