10-12-2012, 06:43 AM
Alik Bakhshi
Turkey - Turkish direction, or is it aterrible word Pan-Turkism
Perhaps more than any FirstWorld War affected the two states: the defunct Ottoman Empire, the RussianEmpire lost all its colonies in Europe, including Ukraine, although in theshort term. In both empires fell monarchical power. People of the two empires stillhad years of hard trials until 1923.
Since the end of WorldWar I to the Turkish people turned into a war for independence, the nation hadto lay despair effort to defend its territory of Turkey on the intention of theFranco-Italian-Greek and Armenian nationalist coalition to divide the countryby sector. It should be noted that, despite the very difficult state of war,Turkey had the strength to help the Azerbaijani Turks to suppress the rebellionof Armenians massacred unarmed local population in Baku and other cities ofAzerbaijan. How often in history, in a tragic moment for the country people putforward an outstanding personality, a leader who rallied around him and led hispeople to victory. So the leader of the Turks was Mustafa Kamal. In a sign ofdeep gratitude to the people gave him the name Atatürk. The greatness of thisman in the history of the world so much that he was named "Man of the 20thcentury." Mustafa Kamal proved himself a talented military leader in thebloody battle of the First World War, when the Anglo-French forces numbering610,000 landed at Gallipoli in order to capture Istanbul - a city at thecrossroads of Europe and Asia, a strategic location which is invaluable, thecity that never and nobody undertook, in contrast to the capitals of otherstates with the same time as the Turks captured Constantinople. They wereopposed by 450,000 Turks who have shown heroism and courage of despair risingliving wall on a narrow strip of the peninsula. Mustafa Kemal led the defenseuttered the famous phrase "I am not ordering you to win, I am ordering youto die," and 74,635 Turkish soldiers carried out the order, having gainedthe victory in this battle. Perhaps the earth is no more sorrowful place herehave passed away more than half a million soldiers. The British Empire lost inGallipoli 490,000 killed, wounded, missing, and France 80,000. Turks honor allthe dead, breaking a memorial park on the site of a fierce battle in memory ofmilitary courage and bravery, and, I would say, in posterity of the great humanfolly - war. Ataturk's greatness was evident in the fact that he saw nodifference in nationality soldiers buried here. At the opening of the monumentto British soldiers, he said: "After they gave their lives on this land,they probably are, and our sons."
Due to the high prestige among the people, and boundless faith in him as thesavior of the nation, Mustafa Kemal managed to lay the social foundations ofthe Turkey that we know today. Turkish people accepted all progressive reformsconceived by Ataturk, the country has moved to a democratic form of government,and made a bold step for the Muslim East - legally separate religion from thestate and equal the civil rights of men and women. Turkey has since become theonly true democracy in the Middle East ahead of Israel, whose claim to thisrole are groundless, because, first, in Israel, religion is not separated fromthe state and the laws of Halacha are part of Israeli law, secondly, IsraelApartheid is a country that in no way inconsistent with the principles of democracy.
In Russia, after a bloody civil warto totalitarian Bolshevik commissars, with the usual aggressive nature oftotalitarianism, with the entry of the world club of the world socialistrevolution. First attempt of an overall strategic plan to restore the pre-warborders of the empire by force to return to the bosom of Poland Russia ended inthe defeat of the Red Army before Warsaw Tukhachevsky, and until World War II,Russia zalizovala wound vigorously preparing for revenge.
I foresee quite a fair confusion,and here in Russia, in the case of Turkey. The fact is that the history of thetwo countries, is the story of centuries of military confrontation, nor withany other country Russia did not fight as much as with Turkey. Russia's goal wasto capture Istanbul, seize this important geo-strategic locations around theworld, opening the way for further expansion of the empire. In Turkey, thefamous saying: "If the water can sometimes stop, Russia never stop."Sometimes in opposition to Britain and France intervened (the Crimean War of1853-1856) to stop Russia.
By the end of the 30s, Germany,which as well as Russia was preparing for revenge, has accumulated enoughmilitary capacity to start active operations. In order to revise the results ofWorld War I, Russia and Germany entered into between the sinister alliance ofnon-aggression, in advance will be shared by Europe. Attack on Poland, thefirst Russian to remember the lessons given to them by the Poles, hesitated,giving the initiative to the Germans, and for political reasons, to notprematurely cause anger in Britain and France, who were unaware declare a waron Germany, which Ribbentrop treaty Molotov-Russia but part of Poland, receivedthe tacit approval of the annexation of Germany Finland, Estonia, Latvia, andLithuania.
Britain and France angry aggressive actions of Moscow, nothing could be done,for they were engaged in war with Germany, which was a sort of shield to punishRussia over its former colonies, occurred vzbuntavatsya. True to Finlandreceived an affront. Finns defended their homeland, the whole nation (of a 3.65million), including women, came to the defense of the Russian invaders. The RedArmy, despite the stupendous superiority on all counts, has not fulfilled its taskleft in the deep snow of the Karelian Isthmus 2300 tanks, 1000 aircraft and onemillion Red Army soldiers. And today, thanks to the feat of the Finnish peoplein those early years of the 40th, we know Finland as the most well-organizedcountry.
In terms of countries affected by the Russianaggression was to enter and Turkey, which are similar as a blueprint, themessage of the Finns, Moscow issued an ultimatum tried to impose a mutualassistance agreement, including the requirement to establish a naval base onthe Bosphorus. Turkey as well as Finland rejected so brazen proposal, whichcaused strong dissatisfaction with Moscow(http://www.oldgazette.ru/lib/propagit/21/01.html) and inevitably subjected toattack, however, Moscow's plans went awry; suddenly all the power of Stalin,Hitler Germany attacked the Soviet Union. Predators grappled with each other inmortal combat, and Russia was no longer up to the war with Turkey. Cherisheddream of Russian master Bosphorus remained a dream. If Germany and Russia haveremained true to non-aggression pact, it is likely, the map of the world todaywould be different.
Due to the politicalnaivety of Americans pointed to by Winston Churchill, the Soviet Union afterthe war secured the all former colonies, except Finland and Poland (partfinnskih and Polish land still was annexed by Moscow), and even got Prussia,South Sakhalin and the Kurile Islands, and America was the Cold War.
After World War II, Turkey hastilyconcluded with the United States agreement on mutual assistance in case ofattack by a third country, and became a member of NATO, obezapasiv that wayfrom any possible future aggressive encroachments of Russia. Later, CENTO blockwas created, consisting of Turkey, Iran and Pakistan, which was the same asimpregnable to Russia and NATO because of participation in the Turkey. Blockcollapsed after coming to power in Iran, religious obscurantism. Turkeycurrently has the most numerous army among the European members of the unit andcovers the south-eastern flank of NATO. For years, exhausting the Cold War ledto the collapse of the communist ideology. The partial collapse of the RussianEmpire, the geopolitical situation in the world has changed, the new stateswere formed in Europe, the Caucasus and central Asia, and one of the importantaspects in the field of geopolitics, is the fact that five of the newlyindependent countries are Turkic.
Here I want to be clear on some confusionin the Russian language in relation to the inaccurate reflection of the word"Turkish" and "Turk." These words are a Turkic (Turkish)language phonetically sound the same. To say that in Azerbaijan say theAzerbaijani language, and, for example, in Turkmenistan, the Turkmen, it isstill something to say in Australia Australians speak Australian English, andin America in the U.S. When the Russian came to the Caucasus, the localpopulation in Azerbaijan they called Caucasian Tatars precisely because of thefact that both in Azerbaijan and Tatarstan speak a Turkic (Turkish) language.Of course, because of the extent of the territory of Turks living and politicalfragmentation, language has several dialects, which is inevitable. However,there are examples and the relatively small area has several dialects of thelanguage, such as in England.
The Soviet empire tried hard to divideTurks, creating artificial distinctions. For example, in Central Asia, RussianTurkistan created from several states, which never happened. It should be notedthat part of Turkistan (East Turkestan) is located in China, with the center inKashgar, which is the cultural and administrative value not inferior toBukhara. Recently, with the growth of national consciousness of Turks, theChinese have a serious problem on a national basis. As a result, the Russianconquest in the Caucasus was also split and Azerbaijan - most of it is in Iran,and the Russian territory from Azerbaijan ottorgnuli Derbend Khanate - Dagestan(from Turkic - "Land of Mountains"), entering it into the RussianFederation. Serious damage inflicted Russian Turks in culture, changing theCyrillic alphabet on that in a moment made them bezgrammotnymi and devoid ofcultural heritage. Imagine that Russia banned Cyrillic and Chinese charactersintroduced, yet it is similar happened with the Turks, who get into the RussianEmpire. School programs did not include the study of Oriental literature, onlyPushkin and other Russian poets and writers offered the Turks to the compulsorystudy. Mounds poetry Nizami, Omar Khayyam, Saadi, Emre was buried frozenrailway embankment "Soviet Masterpiece" literature "How theSteel Was Tempered" cold heartlessness depriving several generations ofSoviet Turkic their poetry. What to say, textbooks vyssshih schools in generalwere only in Russian. Now freed from the Russian empire new Turkic countrieswill not only return to their cultural heritage, but also to integrate into theworld economy in order to ensure a successful living.
Of all the Turkic countries Turkey is themost forward position in the whole vast area from Turkey to Angara Angara inSiberia (two like rivers) history gives Turkey the lead in concatenating Turks.It does not matter, call the idea of ​​association or the creation ofpan-Turkism Union similar to the EU, or the type of the British Commonwealth ofNations, but in this direction is the vector of political and economic activityin Turkey as the most promising, it is preferable to wait many years before theclosed door of the EU. Europe certainly has the right to decide for itself haveTurkey in the EU or not, but the fact that Turkish corridor would provide theconditions for the EU easier penetration of markets and hydrocarbon materialsin the Caspian region and Central Asia, bypassing Russia is interested too, nodoubt.
Turkey in the Middle East until recentlywas the only strategic partner - Israel, but Israel's policy, increasinglycausing rejection by the international community, put Turkey in a problematicsituation. This makes clear the various initiatives that aim somehow contributeto the solution of the Arab-Israeli conflict, in particular Turkey's offer tomediate in negotiations between Israel and Syria. Turkey condemned theoperation "Cast Lead", meaning that an aggressive Israeli policy isdefective also reflected on Turkey's position as a leading country in theregion.
Against the background of growinghumanitarian organizations fighting for the rights of the Palestinians, andespecially after the pirate attack Israeli commandos on the flotilla «FreeGaza» and killing nine Turkish citizens continue strategic cooperation withsuch recalcitrant allies such as Israel, Turkey's lost all meaning. Remainpolitically inactive in modern, dynamic time to doom itself with Israel inpolitical isolation, and if Israel has a strong political and economic supportto America because there the Jewish Diaspora, that Turkey has such support.Moreover, in America, growing force in Congress gets the Armenian lobby, which,following in the footsteps of the Jewish lobby and using the well-known politicalnaivety of the Americans and the power of America as a super power, will makeevery effort for the realization of the extreme nationalist ideology of theparty, "ARF", which provides the creation of "GreatArmenia". "Armenia from sea to sea" - the slogan of the ArmenianNazis. Nazis because this ideology involves first ethnically clean territory,under the "Great Armenia", or a similar idea is not feasible. Part ofthe idea is implemented, the Turks captured completely expelled from Karabakh andArmenia. Remained ethnically cleanse Azerbaijan, part of Georgia, part of Iran,eastern Turkey up to the Mediterranean Sea. Further, perhaps under theterritory of "Greater Armenia" is planned and part of Lebanon, theNorth Caucasus with Sochi, ie wherever Armenians created concentrated.Incidentally, the first attempt to create an ethnically pure territory was madein Turkey during World War I, when the Armenians, having received from theRussian arms were cut Turkic population in anticipation of the planned offensiveof the Russian army. And now, the spontaneous reaction of anti-Turks, whichkilled many yarmyan, Armenians are trying to pass off as a speciallysplaniruemy authorities genocide, which Turkey, as opposed to the genocide ofJews organized by the Nazis in Germany, was not yet in sight. Absurd propagandaDashnak ideology drove the Armenians on the line in the middle of a war betweenthe two empires to extermination by local people to build a chimeric stateresulted in a tragedy, both for the Turks and for the Armenians themselves.However Dashnaks, failing to have left the criminal venture and now with thehelp of the Armenian diaspora in the United States are trying to impose on theAmerican people another an alien task. It seems that in America, a trend, toimpose national communities - to solve the problem of the outcome by theAmerican taxpayer and American soldiers. So, hypothetically, with Turkey maywell be a situation similar to the Palestinians.
It should be noted that the gap between Turkey and Israel is well ahead of theawakening of the Arab nation, and this is the name occurring in the Arab revoltagainst the dictatorial and monarchical regimes, with the disappearance ofwhich opens the way to the unification of the Arab people, which greatly complicatethe situation in Israel, and for failing to over 60 years of peace with theArabs. It can be said that Israel's policy unwittingly helped Turkey to protectthemselves from Arab areas. Turkey is the leading regional country and she didnot care about the future of the Arab attitude, especially on the background, Iwould say, fermentation of the Arab nation, which is not small people,especially people with a rich history, both in science and in culture.
The current geopolitical situationleaves Turkey no other acceptable way to not remain in splendid isolation, asspecial efforts to integrate with the newly independent Turkic states onRussia. The idea of ​​Pan-Turkism is not new, but it was after the collapse ofthe Soviet Union it has gained solid ground, right in the consolidation of theTurks are serious opponents:
- Above all Russia,which in the vast area of ​​the basin of the Volga (RT) to the Arctic Ocean(Yakutia-Soha) the indigenous Turkic population. Russian Pan-Turkism waspresented as harmful bourgeois-nationalist ideology, and the word"pan-Turkism" in the USSR was associated with somethingincomprehensible terribly scary.
- China, EastTurkestan (the capital city of Kashgar), where the Uighur Turks has long foughtfor the independence of the Chinese, and only with the help of the Soviet Unionin 1937, a popular uprising was suppressed. It should be noted that only in1943 the Chinese managed to finally formally establish itself in Kashgar.
- Iran, South Azerbaijan, where Azerbaijanislive more than in Northern Azerbaijan.
- Armenia, Karabakhhas occupied with the support of Moscow and is the only military ally of Russiain the Caucasus.
Turkish opponents of consolidationcombined and purely economic motives, namely the huge oil and gas reserves ofthe Caspian Basin and Central Asia, the implementation of which will competewith Russia and Iran. Moscow and Tehran have encroached on the rights of theTurks on the extraction of oil from the sea floor, sometimes raising the statusof the Caspian Sea. The last Russian military aggression in Georgia had atarget to block the Baku-Ceyhan pipeline, and "Nabucco" at allperceived by Moscow as a special direction to podarvat Russian economy.Actually, to be honest, full implementation of the ideology of Pan-Turkism -this is the end of the Russian empire, and it is not only the territoriallosses, but also deprives Russia of a single source of income. Russian so usedto living without creating anything, robbing other minerals, that being withoutthe Urals and Siberia, that is within the property of Russia (Muscovy), theyare not, finally, have to learn to work with, and something to make ourselves,of course under the direction of the Vikings, otherwise, nothing good willhappen.
Butthe main reason that prevents konsolodatsii Turks, as always, is in them, - isa constant rivalry and internecine struggle, combined with clan-based power.With none other Turks are no longer at war, both with each other, if youremember the war with Timur Tokhtamysh, Bayezid and with many small Khansvzaimounichtozhitelnuyu war ac-goyunlu with Gar-goyunlu in Azerbaijan. Atpresent, the reason being in power of authoritarian regimes (clan character) inall the former Russian Turkic countries, dictators who cling to power,sometimes sacrificing the independence of the country, as happened withUzbekistan ("Scary fee roof of pink revolutions »,http://alikbahshi.livejournal.com/ # post-alikbahshi-3149), the complete unificationof the question can not be. But the community, the type of "Commonwealthof Nations" in the first phase of consolidation, it is possible. With theimminent arrival of democracy community grow into an alliance like the EU.Union closer, because in this case consists of the states of one nation. Meritrepetition merging the Swiss version. In short, it is in this direction Turkeyis the leading country of Turks, should take the initiative.
Certainly opponents Turkism againliterally scream about the invasion of Islam, the revival of the Caliphate,which can be attributed to a deliberate slander. But, first, in all Turkiccountries, religion is separated from the state, and secondly, the caliphate isthe Arabic education and to the Turks is relevant only in the fact that the Turksthemselves fought against the Arab Caliphate, if you remember thenational-liberation uprising led by Babak, and the Seljuk Turks and Timurfinally sent Bagdati caliphate in history. And most importantly, for interestedparties of international terrorism, Islam as a religion of terrorism today isirrelevant. The modern international terrorism, a phenomenon of our time and isnot from the past. Not a correlation between the emergence of Islam as areligious ideology and terrorism as a phenomenon. Yes, terrorism is associatedwith some countries, whose people practice Islam, but the causes of terror areentirely different plane. In addition, deliberate on the part of interestedparties or failed search for roots of terror in religion poses a great threatto the world community and opens a Pandora's box from which you will start tospread around the world hate religious fanaticism, which can actually lead to aclash of civilizations (see "International terrorism and its interestedparties »http://zhurnal.lib.ru/b/bahshi_a/salt7.shtml).