The Bridge at Arnhem

[David Guyatt]

After reading and re-reading the book by historian, Cornelius Ryan, A Bridge Too Far, I was left with many questions. The first was the curiosity that the II SS Panzer Corps was sent to bivouac in the Arnhem area just 2 weeks prior to the commencement of Operation Market garden that had been in the planning stage for a quite some time. I felt the order from Field Marshall Model to General Dittrich to move his II SS Panzers shouted the word suspicious.


But there was more. Not least I was curios why Ryan scrupulously identified all the players except, the Grenadier Guards Major (or Colonel depending on differing accounts at that time) who reached the far side of Nijmegen bridge with his tanks and then resolutely refused to budge.


By any measure of common sense the unidentified Guards officer should have raced to relieve the remnants of Colonel Frost's battered paratroopers who still held the bridge at Arnhem. Having reached Nijmegen, securing and relieving the bridgehead at Arnhem was the whole point of Operation Market Garden. And the he thing is that the bridge at Nijmegen had been taken at a terrible cost in lives of members of the US 82nd Airborne under the command of Major Julian Cook.


I wanted to know the identity of that Guards officer and try to understand his stubborn refusal to bring the Market Garden operation to a successful conclusion. I wanted to know why he wasn't court martialled for blatant dereliction of duty?


Back in the middle-late 1990's when all this was smouldering under my hat, the internet was still a young-thing and the availability of information that is there to grab by one and all these days, was nowhere in sight. After some digging I exhausted my efforts to find answers and set the whole matter aside to concentrate on other things.


But the questions kept nagging at me. And then one day, quite accidentally, I was reading a military article when the name of that Guards officer - a Major Peter Alexander Rupert Smith leapt out at me. Suddenly, I knew I had a story, because I knew all about major (later Colonel) Smith.


Previously I had researched the background of Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands and knew him to be a former member of the SS who had worked in the intelligence department of I G Farben, which was known as NW7. I also knew that during his marriage breakfast to Princes Juliana of the Netherlands, his nazi friends sang the Horst Wessel song in his honour.


Not least I had discovered that having fled to England after the Nazi's occupied Holland, British Intelligence viewed Bernhard with the gravest reservations. They thought him a German spy. But their objections were ignored by the King and therefore Bernhard was allowed full entre to the allied war planning councils. He knew all about Operation Market garden.


Eventually, I wrote Princes of Plunder as a speculative essay on what I thought had probably happened. I certainly did not have access to all the facts at that time. Later, much later in fact, the story of Christiaan Lindemans became public. Lindens was a member of the Dutch resistance who was a double agent. Her is now blamed for betraying the allied plans for Market Garden. He was a trusted agent of Prince Bernhard and a nazi spy.


While I clearly didn't have all the evidence at that time, I went on to speculate that there was purpose to Major Smith's behaviour and also that of Prince Bernhard. My conclusions hardened following a reading of Paul Manning's excellent book Martin Bormann: Nazi In Exile.


Manning was, to my knowledge, the very first journalist to make known the highly secret meeting at the Hotel Maison Rouge in Strasbourg on 10th August 1944, that was convened by Martin Bormann. The meeting was an acknowledgement by the Nazi hierarchy that the war was lost, but the plan was to engage in a capital flight programme to get all of Germany's wealth, plundered or not, plus all of their military and industrial blueprints and all their stock holdings to safe havens offshore in friendly nations. Bormann believed the Eagle's Flight plan would take nine months. As indeed it did… all but two days.


I further considered that the allies knew of and were to some degree involved in Bormann's capital flight programme; that a deal had been negotiated and agreed. The likelihood was that the US and VIP elements in the UK, in exchange for important Nazi war technology and doubtless a portion of the plundered loot, allowed thousands of nazi war criminals to escape to prepared havens like Argentine. Indeed, the evidence is that the US and the Vatican actually ran the so called Ratlines that enabled this mass escape - estimated as many as 40,000 - to occur.


It is also clear that there had been negotiations for some of the Waffen SS in Italy and elsewhere - plus others - to join in the cold war that the US had planned to consolidate their newly emerging status as the world power taking over from the reigns from the failing British Empire.


Below is my original article followed by what I think is an updated version that is full of additional and painstaking research by Tony Gosling, published by RT on 1st September 2014. For the record, I was in contact with Tony during the 1990's. Unless my memory is really failing we exchanged some research material at that time.


Although Tony makes no effort to credit me with the original research idea, I have no complaints. My whole ethic as a journalist is to get what I regard as important and suppressed stories out into the public domain.


All power to Tony for taking my research and running with it. His is an excellent and important article.

DeepBlackLies
Bringing in-depth reporting of crime and corruption in high places


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PRINCES OF PLUNDER


THE SHAPE OF TREACHERY AND THE BRIDGE AT ARNHEM


By David Guyatt


If President George W Bush has his way, then the spread of the American system of democracy will continue to proliferate around the world. There are those, however, who argue that the American form of "democracy" has little to do with genuine democratic representation but rather more closely resembles a revolving fascist dictatorship beholden to the interests of a wealthy elite and big business. [1]


This form of government, it is argued, has as its underlying model the European Synarchist movement that was founded in the 1870's, by Joseph Alexandre Saint-Yves d'Alveydre. St Yves considered the medieval Knights Templars to be ultimate Synarchists of their time and consequently drew on Templar ideals when formulating his ideas.


St Yves movement came to the fore in the early 1920's, following the end of WWI and the signing of the Versailles Treaty [2] . In its essence, Synarchy advocates that government be run by a secret society or cabal "an elite of enlightened initiates who rule from behind the scenes." [3] As authors Lynn Picknett and Clive Prince describe it: "…it therefore doesn't matter which political party holds power in a state - or even what political system that state has. Synarchists would step in and take control of the key state institutions." [4]


In the United States, one such secret society worthy of note is Yale University's Order of the Skull and Bones. Entry into the Order involves elaborate ritual and is accompanied by a change of name. No longer is the neophyte known by his family name, but assumes the identity of a Knight.


Bonesmen include George W. Bush, his father George Bush senior and Senator John Kerry. George Bush's great grandfather, Prescott Bush, was also a Bonesman, as was George Bush's favourite uncle, Herbert Walker. In point of fact, almost all of the so-called "Eastern Establishment" families have been enrolled in the Skull and Bones. Author Antony Sutton, in his groundbreaking four-part series "The Order," states that the US Order links to Britain through the Rhodes-Milner Oxford Group but has German origins. The US Order also links to the Guggenheim, Schiff and Warburg families, despite having definite anti-semitic tendencies until more recent times. Sutton's own research linked the Order to "the founding and growth of Nazism" [5] and considered it likely that German original was the Illuminati.


The Bush family's political dynasty and indeed, its wealth, arose from the nazi connections forged by Prescott Bush, who worked for nazi magnate, Fritz Thyssen. Bush's uncle "Herbie" (Herbert Walker), was like-wise employed by Thyssen. [6] An even darker episode was reported by a Dutch intelligence agent who stated that Prescott Bush also managed a portion of the slave labour force located at I G Farben's Auschwitz plant - the infamous nazi death camp. [7] Working for Prescott Bush was Allen Dulles, who would later become a director of the CIA, following a highly questionable career in the war where he was posted to the head up the Swiss office of the American intelligence service, the OSS. Before the war Dulles was appointed the US legal counsel for I G Farben. Another law client of Dulles was Fritz Thyssen. These inter-relationships are, at the very least, very chummy. Some believe them to be treacherous.


The key period of the growth of Synarchism followed on the heels of the Russian Revolution and led to the rise of the Pan European Movement in 1922. The PEM was embraced by powerful forces inside Germany. This included the wealthy banker, Max Warburg, who financed PEM. Warburg was a director of the massive chemical cartel, I G Farben, that helped hoist Adolf Hitler to power. Curiously, however, Warburg was also involved in helping Lenin to travel to Russia in 1917, thus providing succour to the Bolshevik Revolution that Hitler later so detested. [8] Is this simply a case of the left hand not knowing what the right one was doing, or could it be merely an example of the Hegelian dialectic of forging conflict in order to forge the future shape and direction of human history?


In any event, besides Max Warburg financing PEM, another German banker in the form of Hjalmar Schact, addressed the first mass rally of the Pan European Movement held in Berlin. Schacht would go on to work for Hitler as Minister for Economics and President of the Reichsbank. If one believes in coincidence then behold a coincidence: together with Hitler, Max Warburg signed the document that appointed Hjalmar Schacht to the presidency of the Reichsbank. Imagine that. Max's brother, Paul Warburg, was a director of American I G Farben as well as being the first director of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. [9]


Known simply as the "AO" the letters of the Greek Alpha-Omega the "Auslandsorganisation" was the foreign intelligence arm of the nazi party that engaged in espionage, fifth column, propaganda and "economic" activities in furtherance of nazi aims. Overseas members of the AO operated largely through German owned or controlled overseas companies. This include numerous employees of I G Farben both those based at home and abroad. In fact, Farben not only ran the AO but financed it. [10] One of the most senior Farben men involved in AO activities was Max Ilgner, who was the nephew of Farben director Hermann Schmitz who's ambition was to "form a world fascist state without war if possible." [11]


Ilgner, who was a uniform wearing member of the feared Gestapo, had allied Farben's intelligence unit known as "NW7" with the AO, and had recruited an army of 5,000 that operated through American I.G. [12] Another member of Farben's NW7 department, was Gunther Frank-Fahle, who had been born in Bradford, England. Although the nominal head of the AO was Ernst Wilhelm-Bohle, it was actually under the direct day-to-day control of Walter Schellenberg, head of the SD, the Gestapo's counterintelligence service who described Farben as a "state within a state" to his interrogators after the war. However, the overall boss of the AO was deputy fuehrer, Rudolf Hess.


The industrialists and bankers, who funded Hitler's rise to power in 1933, had their contributions processed through Hjalmar Schacht's account at the private Delbruck Schickler Bank in Berlin. The funds in this account were administered by Hitler's deputy, Rudolf Hess. Delbruck Schickler Bank was a subsidiary of Metallsgesellschaft A G ("Metall"), by far the largest non-ferrous metal company in Germany. Metallsgesellschaft was jointly owned by I G Farben and the British Metal Corporation. [13] One of the two British directors of "Metall" was Oliver Lyttelton who was appointed the Controller of Non-Ferrous Metals in 1939-40 and became the Minister of Production in 1942-5 and a member of Churchill's War Cabinet. Lyttelton's mother was by a merry coincidence, a member of the Rhodes-Milner Oxford "Group," whereas the eldest son of the fifth Baron Lyttelton has been the private secretary to Lord Selborne during his years in South Africa. Selborne would take over leadership of the "Group" following Milner's death in 1925. He was also, as I have remarked elsewhere, the wartime head of Britain's Special Operations Executive, which was the template for the American OSS. [14]


As stated earlier, the "Group" is the British arm of the American Order of the Skull and Bones or is it the other way around? [15] Either way the Skull and Bones is a "chapter of a German secret society. The "originating" prong of the "Group" and the "Order" are, in the view of Prof. Antony Sutton, almost certainly the outlawed Bavarian Illuminati. [16]


THE "RED HOUSE" MEETING


It is self evident that the same behind-the-scenes banking and industrial forces who financed Hitler's rise to power, as well as his subsequent military build-up, would also take all necessary steps to protect their hard investments once it became clear Hitler and Germany were doomed to defeat. Clarity arrived with the devastating defeat of Field Marshall von Paulus 6th Army Group at Stalingrad in January 1943. Any lingering doubts were erased with the Allied invasion of Normandy on 6th June 1944. Unable to repulse the Allied D-day invasion forces back into the sea, it was clear for all to see that Hitler's days were numbered.


Two months after the D-day landings, a secret meeting was held in an elegant hotel in Strasbourg that was aimed at securing and protecting the wealth of nazi Germany and its loyal bankers and industrialists. On the morning of 10th August 1944, SS Obergruppenfuehrer Scheid, a lieutenant-general in the Waffen SS as well as a director of the industrial company Hermansdorff & Schenburg - arrived at the Hotel Maison Rouge set in Strasbourg's rue des France-Bourgeois. Dr. Scheid had been sent to host the meeting by none other than Reichsleiter Martin Bormann, by then the second most powerful man in nazi Germany, after Hitler.


Bormann's rise to power followed on from the ill-fated flight of Rudolf Hess in 1941, when he parachuted to land in Scotland to secretly meet with the Duke of Hamilton. With the loss of his friend, and his plans for creating a secret alliance with Britain to fight Russia in tatters, Hitler had heaped all of Hess' duties and responsibilities on to the broad bull-like shoulders of Bormann with the exception of the office of deputy fuehrer, which Hitler abolished. This included Bormann taking over control of the AO.


In sending Dr. Scheid to Strasbourg, Bormann had confided in him that: "the steps to be taken as a result of this meeting will determine the post-war future of Germany," adding that the plan was to insure an eventual "economic resurgence of Germany." [17] Present at the meeting, in addition to Dr. Scheid, were representatives of Krupp, Messerschmitt, Rheinmetall, Bussing, Volkswagenwerk, engineers representing various factories in Posen, Poland including Brown-Boveri an important part of the German electrical industry that was part owned by two American companies General Electric and International Telephone & Telegraph. Today, Brown Boveri has grown into a massive multinational corporation employing almost 200,000 staff worldwide and still maintains it close contacts with the US. Prior to his appointment as George W Bush's Secretary of Defense, Donald Rumsfeld was on its board of directors. [18]


Bormann's direction was that the industrialists should forge new contacts and alliances with foreign firms, as well as strengthening those already established. This should be done without attracting suspicion. Equally important was the capital flight programme of state and corporate assets to safe havens through the world, which Bormann ordered. Thus began Operation Eagle's Flight. Critically, Bormann believed he needed nine months to fully complete the planned capital flight programme. [19] This meant that German forces must resist the Allies advance throughout the winter of 1944 and on until early mid May 1945. By a remarkable twist of fate, the war in Europe ended on 8th May 1945, two days short of Bormann's estimate.


WHOOPSIDAISY


Less than a month later, however, English Field Marshall, Bernard Montgomery, laid out a daring plan that, were it to succeed, would have completely wrecked Bormann's critical nine-month programme. When, on 23rd August 1944, the Supreme Allied Commander, General Eisenhower, visited Montgomery's HQ for lunch, followed by a private conference, Montgomery argued that German forces were in complete disarray and that a decisive thrust into the Ruhr would result in the end of the war before Christmas 1944. At Montgomery's insistence, Eisenhower's Chief of Staff, General Walter Bedell Smith was excluded from the meeting, causing rancour. [20] Eisenhower left Montgomery's HQ unconvinced and wavering.


With the closing of the Falaise gap, Montgomery was determined not to let Eisenhower waste a golden opportunity to bring the war to a close in 1944. On 4th September, Montgomery sent a coded signal "Personal for General Eisenhower Eyes Only," laying out in detail an audacious plan to seize strategic bridges in the Netherlands followed by a full-blooded armoured thrust into Germany through the back door of the Ruhr the very heartland of German industry and, coincidentally home to many of those industrialists Dr. Scheid's capital flight conference had addressed less than a month earlier. The plan, which would become known as Operation Comet, was rejected by Eisenhower. Montgomery strenuously objected and a revised plan called Operation Market Garden, that would muster considerably more forces than the original Operation Comet, was eventually agreed on 10th September 1944 by Eisenhower. The final bridge to be captured by British airborne forces and held until the arrival of the armoured forces was located at Arnhem.


By coincidence too, it was the 4th of September, that Field Marshall Model directed Lt. General Bittrich's badly mauled but veteran II SS Panzer corps to bivouac in the Arnhem area to refit and rest. Bittrich later stated that "there was no particular significance in Model choosing the Arnhem vicinity except that it was a peaceful area where nothing was happening." [21] Now in hindsight when armed with Bormann's vital need for a full nine months for his capital flight programme to reach fulfilment, one wonders if other more subterranean factors influenced Model's decision? Was treachery involved?


THE FRATERNITY


What is known for a fact is that Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands had been appointed Commander in Chief of Dutch forces by Queen Wilhelmina. During the weeks following the D-day landings, Prince Bernhard had remained in constant contact with his Ministers, the US Ambassador-at-Large, Anthony Biddle, and General Bedell Smith. [22] His close contact with these men was hardly the result of mere chance. As we shall see, nothing was to be left to chance by Bormann's "Fraternity." [23]


A member of the Biddle family, Thomas Bradish Biddle, had been amongst the very first members of the Order of the Skull and Bones, having been tapped in 1839, just six years after it founding in 1833. Anthony Biddle who's full name was Anthony Joseph Drexel Biddle Jr., was not himself a member of the Order. Never the less, he was no innocent.


During the early months of WWII, Biddle was in Paris as the US Deputy Ambassador to France. It was here that he became close friends of the pro-nazi Duke and Duchess of Windsor, who spent a considerable period of time living in the home of Baron Eugene de Rothschild. However, Biddle's greatest friend in Paris was Ambassador William Bullitt. Bullitt also held strong pro Hitler views and was responsible for introducing the American millionaire, Charles Bedaux, to the Windsor's.


Bedaux was a good friend of I G Farben's Hermann Schmitz, and had, in fact, been appointed as head of Farben's commercial operations. His involvement with the Windsor's wasn't accidental, as he had been instructed by no less than SS Chief Heinrich Himmler to inveigle them to help in secret plans for a negotiated peace with England. A secret meeting held in the Hotel Meurice in Paris, between Bedaux, Rudolf Hess, Martin Bormann and Hollywood actor and nazi sympathiser Errol Flynn, the Duke of Windsor promised to help Hess contact the Duke of Hamilton, which "finally led to Hess's dramatic landing on the Hamilton Estate in 1941." [24]


Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands also has a decidedly nazi past. German born as Prince Bernhard zur Lippe-Biesterfeld, he joined the nazi party in the early 1930's, eventually donning the SS uniform. By 1935 he was gainfully employed in I G Farben's intelligence department NW7. His match to Princess Juliana, the daughter of the Dutch Queen Wilhelmina, was reportedly arranged by Farben director, Gerhard Fritze, a relative of NW7's chief, Max Ilgner. [25] At their marriage ceremony, the Prince's closest friends struck up the old favourite, the Horst Wessel song, which was the anthem of the Nazis. Shortly after the marriage, the noble prince travelled to Berlin for a private meeting with Hitler, who had publicly intimated that the marriage represented an alliance between both nations - which was refuted by Queen Willhelmina. More telling was the fact that when he arrived in England, after the outbreak of war, and asked to work in British intelligence, his offer was declined by the Admiralty, because they didn't trust him. Nor did the Supreme Allied Commander, General Dwight Eisenhower who refused him access to sensitive intelligence information. However, with the intervention of King George on Prince Bernhard's behalf, he was eventually allowed to work in war planning councils. Whoops.


Moving on quickly; to understand the very special relationship between Prince Bernhard and General Walter Bedell Smith who most certainly had complete access general Eisenhower's intelligence - we need to advance several years. After the war, Prince Bernhard is believed to have been profitably employed dealing in art stolen during the war. Gerben Sonderman, who Prince Bernhard described as the "best friend I ever had" (presumably Adolf had by then been forgotten?), acted as the prince's private pilot for transporting stolen art, according to Ton Biesemaat, who has written an expose of the art ring called "The Correggio Mystery. [26]


In 1941, Sonderman, a Dutch Fokker pilot, developed contacts with Germans involved in plundering Dutch art works. A close contact of his was Alois Miedl, a "banker, spy and art dealer" who occasionally dressed in SS uniform. [27] After the war, Miedl operated on behalf of the ODESSA, the SS escape network that transported nazi war criminals to safety in South America particularly Argentina, where Bormann is believed to have escaped to. This also is a favourite destination for Prince Bernhard after the war, where he was usually accompanied by his best friend, Gerban Sonderman.


Another of those seemingly involved in this stolen art-trading ring was Hungarian nobleman, Prince Alfred zur Lippe-Weissenfeld, a relative of Prince Bernhard. By another of those remarkable coincidences, Prince Alfred's daughter was the wife of Baron Hans Heinrich Thyssen-Bornemisza de Karzon, son of Fritz Thyssen's brother and heir to the Thyssen family fortune.


Walter Bedell Smith, who as we have seen above, was in close contact with the prince during the period that Montgomery was drawing up his initial plan to capture the Dutch bridges and then dash to Berlin via the Ruhr. Just how close this friendship to Prince Bernhard was can be judged by the fact that after the war both he and Prince Bernhard went into business together. One might describe it as an "import-export company" because it involved an art trading company called "Bernard Ltd" that uses military aircraft to fly between Soesterberg a short distance away from Prince Bernhard's palace Soestdijk and the USA.


In addition to his close personal friendship with Prince Bernhard, in August 1945, Bedell Smith donated his private plane to secretly fly nazi master spy Reinhard Gehlen, and five of his general staff, to Washington for secret talks. This move was in complete contravention of prevailing American policy and, according to author Charles Higham, could have resulted in court martial proceedings against Bedell Smith. [28]


Prince Bernhard's family relationship with that of the Thyssen's may go some way to explain why, in 1945, together with a unit of Dutch intelligence, Prince Bernhard travelled to the Russian zone in Berlin to recover a batch of buried "incriminating corporate papers" belonging to Fritz Thyssen, that evidenced "secret Thyssen ownership." This small favour was carried out under the pretext that the daring Prince was recovering the Dutch crown jewels stolen by the Nazis. The papers were returned to Holland and deposited in the Bank voor Handel en Scheepvaart, in Rotterdam, which was secretly owned by Thyssen. Known as "Operation Juliana" this cunning scheme was a body blow to Allied investigators who were anxiously seeking the "missing pieces of the Thyssen fortune." [29] The US attorney to the Rotterdam bank was Allen Dulles, who had migrated from the OSS office in Bern, Switzerland, to become the US intelligence chief in post-war Germany.


FENCING THE ROSE


The Lippe family appears to have any number of connections to enterprises with intelligence connections. Take for example, the Order of the Rose of Lippe, a chivalric Order awarded to German House of Lippe. An offshoot of this order is the Noble Company of the Rose, founded by Ernst August Prinz zur Lippe the first cousin of Prince Bernhard - and Sir Rodney Hartwell. Today, the Noble Order of the Rose is awarded exclusively and by invitation only to members of a curious research institute with a focus on genealogy, royalty, nobility, chivalry, heraldry, and related topics called The Augustan Society that is housed in a mansion located in the Mojave Desert near Dagget, USA, and which was founded in 1957.


The curiosity here is that many of the early, and some of the founding members, were formerly with wartime intelligence services, mostly the OSS. These included Crolian Edelen, Robert Formhals, Robert Gayre, John Driscoll, George Balling and Forest Barber all of whom had also earlier been Shickshinny knights, a so called "fake" Order that claimed descent from the Russian Grand Priory of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem. The Shickshinny knights boasted some really heavy weight English and American pro nazi military and intelligence officers. [30]


It is alleged that the number one activity of the Augustan Society is intelligence gathering and that several members of the Society began working together three of four years before officially incorporating it as a legal entity (thus dating it back to circa 1954 of which more later). It is also said that it is an intelligence front for SMOM, the official Vatican Order of the Knights of Malta.


The Augustan Society was originally located in Torrance, California, a location that gave rise to an insider adage "when you hear a sneeze in Torrance, you hear a God Bless you' on the Via Condotti." The Via Condotti is the location of the Palazzo di Malta in Rome, the HQ of SMOM. The SMOM connection to this story is not without considerable interest. Members of this order have included such nazi notables as Dr. Herman Abs, a director of I G Farben and Deutsche Bank and who was known as "Hitler's paymaster." Robert Gayre, one of the founders of the Augustan Society was awarded the Grand Cross of Merit of SMOM. Another to be honoured by SMOM was nazi spymaster, Reinhard Gehlen discussed above who received the prestigious Grand Cross of Merito Melitense in 1948. Another honoured by SMOM was James Jesus Angleton, to whom we shall return shortly. Neither of the Dulles brothers were honoured by this August body simply because they were Protestants rather than Catholics.


Curiously however, Martin Bormann's eldest son, Adolf Martin chose to take holy orders in 1946 following a preliminary course at Federaun Monastery, located close to Villach in Austria. This monastery was under the patronage of Bishop Hudal one of the most senior Vatican insiders who was responsible for running the nazi underground escape railway known as the Ratlines. More alarming is the fact that Hudal was the "guardian" of Aldolf Martin Bormann, as he was also the guardian of another monk, Brother Avery Dulles, son of John Foster Dulles, elder brother of Allen Dulles. It's a small world isn't it.


The Knights of Malta were also responsible for helping thousands of the worst Nazis and members of the SS escape to freedom down these Ratlines, thus evading justice and avoiding the hangman's noose at Nuremberg. Originally conceived as an underground railroad for wanted war criminals, it was quickly co-opted, I understand, to smuggle nazi gold, currency and other plunder to replenish the enormous sums lost by the Rockefeller family in pre-war German investments. Assisting Rockefeller in this sleazy endeavour were, Allen Dulles, Herbert Walker and James Jesus Angleton, the OSS Italian bureau chief and later CIA Rome Bureau chief. As such Angleton was in charge of the Vatican "account" and I understand that he learned about the homosexual proclivities of Pope Pius XII (formerly the Papal Nuncio in Bavaria) and was able to use this information for blackmail purposes. Meanwhile, Allen Dulles, Herbert Walker and James Jesus Angleton are said to have benefited most handsomely from "commissions" earned for their assistance in shifting plunder on behalf of the Rockefeller's. Angleton benefited even more since he was able to co-opt SMOM, the intelligence arm of the Vatican, to work on behalf of US intelligence interests.


Patrons of the Augustan Society are listed as Ernst August Prinz zur Lippe, Dr. Otto von Habsburg the old Austro-Hungarian Imperial House and Prince Victor Emmanuel of Savoy son of King Umberto II, the last Italian king who was forced to relinquish his throne after the war for being pro-Mussolini. [31] Prince Victor Emmanuel is the Grand Master of the authorised Vatican chivalric Order of St. Maurice and St. Lazarus.


Another of those beguiling coincidences is that Robert Gayre, who is mentioned above, was the head of the US branch of the racist organisation, the International Association for the Advancement of Eugenics and Ethnology, which is headquartered in Scotland. Eugenics formed a very powerful undercurrent in nazi ideology and thinking.


The IAAEE was founded by Lord Malcolm Douglas-Hamilton who was a Wing Commander in the RAF during WWII. Lord Malcolm was, moreover, a member of the "Cliveden Set" - which is another name for the Rhodes-Milner Oxford "Group" that was sympathetic to Hitler's war aims. Not least, Lord Malcolm had the honour of being the brother of the Duke of Hamilton who, as we know, was the host of Rudolf Hess after his flight to Scotland in 1941.


Colonel Gayre also founded the Order of St. Lazarus of Jerusalem in Edinburgh, with the US branch of this Order being established by Lord Malcolm Douglas-Hamilton. Lord Malcolm is a relative of the late Queen Mother via his mother, Pamela Bowes-Lyon. Robert Gayre was also the vice president of the International Commission for Orders of Chivalry (ICC). The VI International Congress of the ICC was held in Edinburgh in 1962, under the Honorary Presidency of the Duke of Edinburgh and was presided over by the Duke of Hamilton.


THE BRIDGE TOO FAR


With this diversion fairly comprehensively covered, let's now briefly return to the actual events of Montgomery's audacious Operation Market Garden the approved plan to take and hold the five Dutch bridges that would open a way for a massive Allied thrust at the heart of Germany.


Those who have seen the excellent film, based on Cornelius Ryan's book "A Bridge Too Far" will recall the sheer stubborn courage of those soldiers of the Third Battalion of the US 82nd Airborne, under the command of Major Julian Cook, who paddled across the Waal river in slow, cumbersome boats, under a blizzard of deadly German fire, to assault and hold the heavily defended but critical Nijmegen road Bridge, a few miles south of Arnhem.


This was a last ditch attempt to relive the sorely battered British paratroops at Arnhem led by Colonel John Frost. Eventually succeeding, at terrible cost, the Nijmegen Bridge was taken and held. But rather than rushing armour up the road to Arnhem to relieve Colonel Frost and ensure success of Montgomery's daring plan, a British Guards Major arriving at Nijmegen Bridge told his American counterparts that "we do not move our tanks at night." [33] A furious Colonel Tucker, the regimental commander of the 504th that had secured the bridge, vehemently argued there was no time to waste before the Germans reinforced and that the British must grab the chance to reinforce Frost at Arnhem. Immune to these arguments, the English Major repeated "Well, we can't move our tanks at night," and then added "We will move them in the morning." [34] The next morning, as expected, the whole area was heavy with German armoured reinforcements.


Cornelius Ryan does not name the Grenadier Guards Major in his book, which is unusual. There also appear to be some critical inaccuracies in the chain of events he sets forth in his book.


A recent BBC documentary series called "Battlefields" presented by historian Prof. Richard Holmes, focused one programme on "The Battle for Arnhem." The programme makers interviewed on camera Captain Moffatt Burriss, commander of "I" company of the 504th, who was present when General Horrocks first asked to Colonel Tucker, commander of the American 504th, if he would take the heavily defended bridge by assaulting across the Waal. According to Burriss, General Horrocks said "This is an awesome task, can your lads do it?" Tucker replied, "Well general, if we take the bridge, will your tanks be lined-up ready to go?" Horrocks replied, "My tanks will be lined-up in full force, hell-bent for Arnhem and nothing will stop them." [35]


Once the bridge had been taken, it was Captain Burriss who welcomed the first tanks across, and was astonished when they stopped. He asked the sergeant in the first tank why they had stopped. The sergeant who was commanding the first three tanks soon to be joined by a fourth under the command a the Grenadier Guards major said that there was a German anti tank gun up ahead and that "if I go up there that gun will knock out my tank." Burriss said, "Well, we'll go with you and get that gun." But the offer wasn't accepted because, the sergeant said "No, I can't go, I've got no orders." [36] A situation that is in marked contrast to General Horrocks intentions and his direct pledge to Colonel Tucker.


According to the Grenadier Guards war diary, they bridge at Nijmegen was merely "consolidated." Also appearing on the interview was the Grenadier Guards major, who said, "it would have been quite difficult to go ahead." Captain Burriss didn't see it that way. He said during the programme that he "felt betrayed." His men had taken the bridge at massive cost, facing machine guns, 20mm canons and numerous other weapons, but the British "were stopping because of one gun and they had a whole Corps of tanks" at their disposal.


There was virtually nothing between the Grenadiers and Arnhem 8 miles away. At the north end of Arnhem Bridge the British paratroopers still held out. With an injured Colonel Frost, his second-in-command Major, Tony Hibbert of the 1st Parachute Brigade, fought on. He could hear the tanks of the Grenadier Guards in the distance. But they didn't arrive. Interviewed for the BBC programme he reflected wryly, perhaps even bitterly, that the Market Garden plan "Could and should have worked," adding with a wry look that the tanks under the control of Lord carrington were "over the bridge before we were overrun."


THE LOST BOYS


Royal patronage of the Grenadier Guards can be seen by virtue of the fact that reigning British monarch's are usually appointed as "colonels-in-chief" of the Regiment. It is one of only five British regiments who have the honour of trooping the monarch's "colour" the royal flag in front of the Monarch on the occasion of their official birthday. The ceremony derives from mounting guard of the royal family and palaces and as "Household Troops" the Grenadiers are one of the regiments who have the honour of guarding the monarch. The rank and file of the Grenadiers swear an oath of allegiance to the monarch as head of the Armed Forces of the United Kingdom. It is considerable significance that the oath is sworn to the reigning British monarch and not to Parliament. Interestingly, the first public engagement of the present monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, took place in 1942, when, as a young princess, she inspected the Grenadier Guards on her 16th birthday.


The Grenadier Guards officer he was referring to was Major Peter Alexander Rupert Smith, of the extremely powerful and influential Smith family - an almost publicly unknown dynasty of bankers that dates back 350 years. It was in the 1650's when Thomas Smith founded Samuel Smith & Co, Bankers in Nottingham, which is believed to have been the first English bank headquartered outside of London. Successive generations of Smiths ensured that the family business flourished and by 1902 a total of ten branches were operating.


Not only did a leading member of the family befriended Lord Rothschild, but a family member later married a Rothschild. A further dynastic marriage was to the well-known Baring family of bankers. Their influence kept on expanding and expanding. Frances Dora Smith married Sir Claude Lyon-Bowes, who were the grandparents of Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon who married Prince Albert (Bertie) in 1923. Prince Albert became King George V1 in 1936 and Elizabeth become Queen Elizabeth 1 - later known as the Queen Mother. In recent years, newspaper article concerning the Queen Mothers favourable attitude to the "pro-peace movement" spoke of her "desire to avert war with Germany and for closer ties to be established between the two countries." [37] One newspaper went so far as to state that the Queen would have willingly accepted a German occupation providing that the monarchy and her place in it remained intact. [38]


Her brother, David Bowes-Lyon, to whom she was exceptionally close was, before the war, a director of Lazard Brothers bankers and who also held an "important but vaguely defined role in SOE." [39] The Lazard's connection is significant inasmuch as this bank was a link to pro-nazi Sir Henri Deterding of Royal Dutch Shell and Viscount Bearsted of Hill Samuel, both of whom connect to Baron Kurt von Schroder a hard core nazi, a financier of SS chief Heinrich Himmler and a leading member of the "circle of friends of the Reichsfuhrer." Von Schroder coincidentally employed Allen Dulles as his American attorney [40] Royal Dutch Shell has long believed to be largely owned by the Dutch and British royal families.


Von Schroder was also a member of the Anglo-German Fellowship and a director of the bankers, Lazard Brothers. The Anglo-German fellowship was founded in 1935 by German banker Ernest Tennant - a close friend of Hitler's Foreign Minister, Joachim von Ribbentrop - and had numerous members who admired Hitler. Some, went even further.


For example, Sir Oswald Mosley founded the fascist British Black shirts, which was funded by Berlin. Another was nazi enthusiast, Admiral Sir Barry Domville, who would later become a Shickshinny Knight. [41] Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe Coburg & Gotha was sent by Hitler to England to be the President of the Fellowship with instructions to improve Anglo-German relations and to push for an alliance between both countries. Another member was the Duke of Hamilton, who as we have seen, was the British point of contact sought by Rudolf Hess in his flight to Scotland. Saxe Coburg Gotha is, of course, the real family name of the British royal family, who changed to Windsor during the First World War to dilute any expressions of animosity by the British public.


The connections of the British royal family to the Nazis continue. Prince Phillip Mountbatten's (Duke of Edinburgh) closest sister in age, Princess Sophie, married Prince Christopher of Hesse, who was a member of Himmler's staff, enlisting as an "agent." [42] Prince Christopher would die in an aircraft accident in 1944, preceding by two years the extremely suspicious death of Prince George, the Duke of Kent and brother of the King, George VI who also died in an aircraft "accident."


The Duke of Kent died on 25th August 1942 aboard a Sunderland flying boat belonging to 228 Squadron of Coastal Command that crashed into a hill, called the Eagle's Rock, near Berriedale, Caithness, Scotland. The authors of the book "Double Standards" make a strong case that the aircraft was sabotaged on the instructions of Churchill, in order to avert the conclusion of a secret alliance agreed in principle between Germany and England that was to be signed in Sweden by the Duke of Kent, presumably on behalf of his brother, the King. The authors believe that aboard the aircraft and travelling with the Duke was none other that deputy fuehrer, Rudolf Hess.


Staying at Balmoral the night before the crash, according to one biography of the Queen Mother, the Duke feasted on a last supper of sorts. His dinner companion was Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands. [43]


SNATCHING VICTORY FROM DEFEAT


It should come as no surprise to learn that the Grenadier Guards Major, Peter Smith, is the 6th Baron Carrington more commonly known as Lord Carrington, who in April 1985 was honoured by the Queen when he was made a knight of the Most Noble Order of the Garter, the oldest and most prestigious British Order of chivalry that dates back almost 700 years. As a member of the royal family bloodline, Lord Carrington's illustrious career has included a stint as chairman of the secretive and elite Bildergers. Not least, he was a former President of the Pilgrim Society that was founded in London in 1902 (and in New York in 1903), as a dying wish of Cecil Rhodes. Another member of this ultra secret society was none other than the Duke of Kent, as was A J Drexel Biddle.


Founded in May 1954, the Bilderberg Conferences bring together the elite of the world to seek a consensus on how global matters are to be shaped. It is viewed with extreme suspicion by many who see it as working outside of democratic control to foist on them a dictatorial world order dedicated to the interests of the elite few.


Those instrumental in the founding of Bilderberg have included, General Walter Bedell Smith, Allen Dulles and Antoine Pinay, the ultra right French Prime Minister and Otto Wolff of the Cologne based firm Otto Wolff A. G., whose father was a substantial contributor to Hitler. Another was Sir Collin Gubbins, wartime head of the SOE who had established and trained Auxilary Units to resist underground in the event of a nazi invasion. These, in turn, were linked to the so-called Army "Oxen Units" that engaged in sabotage. One such Oxen Unit was in Berriedale at the time the Duke of Kent's aircraft crashed. [44]


Attendees are numerous and very influential. These have included, for example, David Rockefeller, Walter Boveri Jr, son of the founder of Brown Boveri, Sir Eric Roll of Warburg's London based merchant bank and Dr. Herman Abs of I G Farben to name just a few who are relevant to this essay. The first Bilderberg chairman was Prince Bernhard of the Netherlands, who remained chairing the meetings until 1976, when he stood down following his disgrace for accepting bribes in the Lockheed affair.


Of significance is the fact that the first Bilderberg meeting was held ten years after the failed Operation Market Garden, in a hotel (named the Bilderberg hence the name of the group), that is located in Oosterbeek, Holland, just a few kilometres from both Arnhem and Nijmegen and in the very middle of the fighting to take the Arnhem bridge.


Is it possible that Oosterbeck was chosen for the first meeting of Bilderberg in order to secretly celebrate the success in getting the wealth of nazi Germany to safety as planned by Bormann? Possibly. In the first two years of its existence, four meetings were held, on a semi-annual basis. [45] For 1954, meeting were held in May and again in September. In 1955, they were in March and September. Thereafter, meetings have been held just once annually in May. September 1954 was, of course, the month of the failed or betrayed Operation Market Garden.


1954 is of significance for other reasons, too, for it was in 1954 that the Allies finally agreed to return Western Germany to the status of a sovereign nation and German companies were, at last, freed from Allied control on 5th May 1955. The assets of Thyssen, Krupp and others that had been secreted abroad could now be untangled and returned to once again rebuild Germany as foreseen by Bormann. [46] The treaty that ended the occupation of West Germany was signed in Paris in October 1954. [47]


The past is the future. Sadly.


ENDS


[1] By "revolving" I mean to suggest that whoever wins an American presidential election, US foreign policy remains fundamentally unchanged.


[2] It is here of considerable significance that it was following the Versailles Treaty that many German industrialists, including the Thyssen and Dornier family, first developed their financial techniques to cloak ownership of their assets.


[3] See Lynn Picknett and Clive Prince lecture "The Rise of the Rough Beast" at the Sauniere Society Symposium, 19th September 1999. Also see numerous articles on Synarchism and the Synarchist agenda published by EIR.


[4] Ibid.


[5] Antony Sutton, "The Secret Cult of The Order" page 32.


[6] See article by John Loftus "How the Bush family made its fortune from the Nazis"


[7] See "Timeline of Treason: The Bush Family Connections to the Nazis" - from: http://www.spiritone.com/~gdy52150/timeline.html


[8] See Anthony Sutton's "Wall Street and the Bolshevik Revolution.


[9] See Sutton's "Wall Street and the Rise of Hitler" page 93


[10] See Charles Higham's "Trading With The Enemy" page 189.


[11] Ibid page 211.


[12] Ibid page 133.


[13] Ibid


[14] See my article "The Spoils of War" at www.deepblacklies.co.uk.


[15] See Carroll Quigley's "The Anglo-American Establishment" page 307 (published by GSG & Associates, California, 1981)


[16] See Sutton's "The Secret Cult of the Order" page 34/35.


[17] See Paul Manning's "Martin Bormann Nazi in Exile" page 23.


[18] Two additional persons, both German government officials, were present at the Red House meeting.


[19] Manning's Martin Bormann - Nazi in Exile page 32.


[20] See Cornelius Ryan's "A Bridge Too Far" page 48.


[21] Ibid page70.


[22] Ibid page 43.


[23] The Fraternity was the name chosen by author Charles Higham, in his book American Swastika, to describe the network of prominent people and large corporations in Allied and neutral nations that cooperated with the nazis.


[24] See Higham's "Trading With The Enemy" pages 179-181


[25] This account is contained in an unpublished manuscript on matters relating to the nazis and US business interests that was written by Prof. Peter Dale Scott, who kindly provided a copy to me.


[26] See: www.michelvanrijn.com/artnews/correggio.htm


[27] Ibid


[28] See Charles Higham "American Swastika" page 260.


[29] See John Loftus article "The Dutch Connection" (available on the internet) for details of Operation Juliana. However, Dutch journalist, Ton Biesemaat disputes the accuracy of Loftus allegations, saying that the Prince was not directly involved but instead directed "influential friends and agents to do the job for him." Biesemaat also says that no crown jewels were recovered in Berlin but instead some "shares" of the royal family were recovered, although the main objective was to secure the fortune of the "Thyssen Bornemisza family" (private correspondence with this writer).


[30] For more on the Shickshinny Knights see my article "The Spoils of War".


[31] Although I understand that King Umberto II in fact hated Mussolini, but consented to abdicate to avoid an outbreak of bloodshed.


[32]


[33] See Cornelius Ryan who frustratingly neglects to name the British officer in question. Ryan is, however, by no means alone in this oversight. I could find no online source that did name the British officer, which may go some way to reveal the awesome actual power of a truly powerful family.


[34] Recorded by Thomas Pitt, a Sergeant in the 504th of the 82nd Airborne, who was present during these deliberations.


[35] Notes taken from the BBC TV documentary programme "Battlefields."


[36] Ibid.


[37] See Lynn Picknett, Clive Prince and Stephen Prior's "Double Standards The Rudolf Hess Cover-Up" page 265


[38] Ibid The Independent on Sunday, 5 March 2000.


[39] Picknett, prince & Prior's "Double Standard's" page 264.


[40] See Hugh Thomas SS-1 The Unlikely Death of Heinrich Himmler page 92.


[41] On the Shickshinny' s see my associated article The Spoils of War."


[42] See Hugh Thomas SS-1 as above page 92.


[43] See "Double Standards" above page 433.


[44] Ibid page 421


[45] See Holly Sklar's "Trilaterialism" page 171 which mentions this curious fact.


[46] See Paul manning's "Martin Bormann" above page 281.


[47] Ibid page 258.

***

[quote]

A betrayal too far: Only brutal honesty will do at Arnhem's 70th anniversary

Beginning his working life in the aviation industry and trained by the BBC, Tony Gosling is a British land rights activist, historian & investigative radio journalist. Over the last 20 years he has been exposing the secret power of the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) and élite Bilderberg Conferences where the dark forces of corporations, media, banks and royalty conspire to accumulate wealth and power through extortion and war. Tony has spent much of his life too advocating solutions which heal the wealth divide, such as free housing for all and a press which reflects the concerns of ordinary people rather than attempting to lead opinion, sensationalise or dumb-down. Tony tweets at @TonyGosling. Tune in to his Friday politics show at BCfm.


Published time: 1 Sep, 2014 13:03

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British veterans attends a commemoration ceremony to mark the 63th anniversary of Operation Market Garden, the battle of Arnhem at the Airborne monument in Arnhem, 21 Se

From Wednesday 17th to Friday 26th September this year thousands of friends and relatives of the fallen and the final few who fought there 70 years ago will gather to commemorate the Battle of Arnhem.
[COLOR=#000000][FONT=Segoe UI]TagsAnniversary, UK, History, WWII, Germany

In 1944, as the Allies were heading for Berlin, British Airborne troops were dropped in to take the Arnhem bridge, and the US 82nd Airborne the penultimate Nijmegen bridge. British tanks of XXX corps chugging up the road as reinforcements at least that was the plan.
Known to most through the 1977 feature film, "A Bridge Too Far" (directed by the late Sir Richard Attenborough), Operation Market Garden was the biggest airborne operation in history. Over 40,000 American and British soldiers, with artillery, jeeps and light armored vehicles were dropped, by parachute and hundreds of gliders, behind German lines.
The objective was to liberate a large slice of Holland, cross the Rhine, grab a bridgehead into the industrial heartland of the Ruhr's Nazi war machine, and end the war by Christmas 1944. Instead the mission's failure brought a colossal 16,000 casualties, and left a 60-mile finger of Allied troops sticking into German-held territory leading nowhere. A disastrous "Hongerwinter" of bitter starvation followed the military failure, where an estimated 22,000 Dutch civilians starved to death under Nazi occupation.
But as both sides gather in 2014 to remember, and puzzle over, one of the most enigmatic and engaging battles of the war, the organized evil of fascism is again legitimized, active and growing in Europe. Right now the legacy of Hitler's "Crooked Cross" is a political force, notably in Greece, with the Golden Dawn party, and Ukraine, with the openly pro-Nazi Pravy Sektor party.
"Did we," many of the old soldiers will be wondering, "really finish the job in 1945?""Have our leaders set us on the right path with their War on Terror determined to vanquish terrorism from the face of the Earth?""Or has that enemy been deliberately 'cooked up' by the real enemy within?""Will our children again have to confront this totalitarian menace in our midst before social justice triumphs and the cult of fascism and gangsterism is winkled out forever?"
At many of the twenty-four now mostly abandoned airfields all over the south and southeast of England from which the airborne Market forces took off, you'll find war memorials to the thousands that died trying to liberate Holland. We owe it to those 11,000 or so that never returned to expose both the mistakes in and lies about the battle. 4th Parachute Brigade commander General Sir John Hackett, in the foreword to "The Devil's Birthday," described it as "an absorbing field of study which is by no means fully exhausted." In plain talk, perhaps, "a can of worms."
Lions

After the success of the Normandy Invasion, back in June 1944, the hard slog to Berlin was on. US and British generals were vying for the precious ammunition, food and other supplies being shipped over the English Channel. British Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery in the north won the tussle and was granted, in Operation Market Garden, a last chance to prove that audacity and imagination might make a quick end to the war in Europe. The traditional slugger, US General George S. Patton in the south, would have to bide his time.
Major Brian Urquhart was an intelligence officer in the planning of Market Garden. When he was shown aerial reconnaissance photographs of the 9th and 10th SS Panzer divisions "resting" just outside Arnhem he demanded a total rethink. British Airborne chief "Boy" Browning, though, would have none of it and Urquhart was unceremoniously put on sick leave. After the war Brian Urquhart went on to become Deputy Secretary General of the United Nations. He blamed the failure of the operation firmly on the incompetence and vanity of those in charge.

Of all the British airborne leaders, Colonel John Frost is roundly thought of as the most able, so much so that the bridge at Arnhem is now named after him. His 2nd battalion fought their way into Arnhem and held on to the bridge for three days and nights in the face of an enormous German force.
In his 1980 autobiography, "A Drop Too Many", Frost makes it crystal clear that the pre-drop intelligence that the German Panzer divisions were in the area was kept from him. "We had been given absolutely no inkling of this possibility," he relates. Indeed, airborne commander Browning actually diluted what he knew into a deliberate deception for Frost. "There were said to be some SS recruits in the Arnhem area without guns or armor."
At the Arnhem Bridge "hanging on by their fingernails" with Colonel Frost was Brigade Major Tony Hibbert, who I was privileged to interview in 2012. Like so many others in Arnhem, he felt let down by the ground army that never came. His insistent desire, though, was that the Polish General Stanisław Sosabowski, stripped of his command and scapegoated by Browning for the operation's failure and who sadly died in poverty in 1967, should have his rank restored and be posthumously honored by the British Army.
Led by a donkey

Despite commanding all three airborne divisions, according to William F. Buckingham's book, "Arnhem 1944", Eton-educated General "Boy" Browning "had no operational airborne experience at all." Instead of ferrying fighting men, he used 36 of the precious aircraft and gliders to bring in his lavish headquarters on a peripheral objective, the Groesbeek Heights, and after ordering US General Gavin to forget about his main objective, the Nijmegen bridge, instead to take up positions around his headquarters. As John Frost put it, his main objective, "Nijmegen bridge was there for the walk-over."
Browning spent the first day cruising about in his jeeps and making a trip across the nearby German border, into the Reichswald Forest, joking that he could take the credit as the first British officer to urinate on Germany. Adopting a more serious pose, he had his photograph taken for the home press as the first British officer to set foot on German soil.
Possibly Browning's most damning act though, when the desperate fight for the Nijmegen bridge was at its height, was to turn down the aid of an entire air-landing formation waiting in England who were straining to get in on the fight. Major General Hakewell-Smith, commanding the 52nd Lowland Division, offered to come to Browning's aid but was rebuffed, as Geoffrey Powell records in his "The Devil's Birthday: The Bridges To Arnhem 1944," with the reply, "Thanks for your message but offer not repeat not required as situation better than you think."
After the war, Browning landed a top post as Comptroller of the Royal Household, that of Treasurer to both the Queen and the Duke of Edinburgh. But despite the top job he remained an alcoholic throughout his two post-war decades and was forced out of his responsibilities for the Duke of Edinburgh's finances in the 1959 by a nervous breakdown.
Tanks take 18-hour break 11 miles from Arnhem

The burning question of Market Garden though remains Captain Peter Carrington's and his great Grenadier Guards' tank break. Eyewitness 82nd Airborne Captain Moffatt T. Burriss recounts the words of General Horrocks, in charge of the tank reinforcements of XXX Corps, promising the collected Allied commanders, poised to take the penultimate Nijmegen bridge. "My tanks will be lined up in full force at the bridge, ready to go, hell-bent for Arnhem. Nothing will stop them."
Instead, once Burriss and his men had taken the bridge, Horrocks, now with a clear run to Arnhem, ordered his men to take an 18-hour break, by which time Frost's men at Arnhem Bridge had been defeated, and the battle was lost.
Historians and soldiers have argued, and will continue to argue, over why Horrocks' depleted Corps of tanks, at least 100, failed to make that final 11-mile cruise to Arnhem on the evening of Wednesday 20th September, 1944.
Not enough ammunition, we are told. Well, one tank that did make the trip on its own through Lent and out the other side was described by its commander Sergeant Robinson pumping "round after round" into a lone German assault gun, then moving further up the road to do the same into Lent church from which unholy fireball a company of SS Panzer Grenadiers were observed to scatter in disarray.
Darkness, making it impossible for anti-tank guns to sight and range, might be the perfect cover for a tank advance and Lloyd Clark reveals in his 2008 book Arnhem, "Jumping the Rhein, 1944 and 1945," that