23-05-2013, 11:20 AM
4 US citizens killed in drone attacks
Quote:US confirms four American citizens killed by drones
The US had revealed Awlaki's death but had not publicly confirmed he was killed by a drone
Continue reading the main storyRelated Stories
The US attorney general has acknowledged four US citizens have been killed in drone strikes since 2009.
In a letter to the Senate judiciary committee, Eric Holder defended the targeted killing of Anwar al-Awlaki.
But he said Awlaki's 16-year-old son as well as two other individuals were "not specifically targeted by the US".
The disclosure comes as President Barack Obama prepares to make a speech on counter-terrorism and the drone programme on Thursday.
The president will "discuss why the use of drone strikes is necessary, legal and just, while addressing the various issues raised by our use of targeted action", administration officials said.
His speech coincides with the signing of new "presidential policy guidance" on when drone strikes can be used, the White House said.
According to US news reports, the Pentagon has already started taking over responsibility from the CIA for drone strikes outside Pakistan.
'Continuing threat'The disclosure of the killings in Yemen and Pakistan marks the first formal public acknowledgement of the US citizen deaths in drone strikes.
Continue reading the main storyAnalysis
Jonathan MarcusBBC diplomatic correspondent
The armed drone has become the signature weapon in America's "war on terror". But their use raises a variety of complex legal and ethical issues, quite apart from practical arguments as to whether the drone strikes themselves are effective.
Unintended civilian casualties are one problem. So too is the legal basis for such attacks in countries where the US is not directly at war. Another problem is that many of these strikes are overseen by the Central Intelligence Agency rather than the US military.
There is though now a sense of a shift in US thinking. The number of drone strikes in Pakistan, Yemen and Somalia have declined significantly over recent years. President Obama clearly wants to address some of the criticisms. But while Washington's drone wars may be contained, they will not be abandoned altogether.
"The president has directed me to disclose certain information that until now has been properly classified," Mr Holder wrote.
America's top law enforcement official defended the killing of Awlaki, whom he described as a "senior operational leader" of al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP).
Mr Holder said Awlaki was "intimately involved in detailed planning and putting in place plots against US persons".
Mr Holder added officials "appropriately concluded that [Awlaki] posed a continuing and imminent threat" to the US.
Awlaki, who was born in the US state of New Mexico, was killed in a missile strike from an unmanned plane in Yemen in September 2011. US officials announced his death but did not officially reveal he was killed by a drone.
Samir Khan, a naturalised US citizen who produced an online magazine promoting al-Qaeda's ideology, died in the same missile strike.
Awlaki's 16-year-old son Abdulrahman, who was born in Colorado, was killed in Yemen a month later.
Jude Kenan Mohammad, a North Carolina resident with a Pakistani father and an American-born mother, was arrested in Pakistan in 2008 after trying to enter a part of the country that is dominated by militants and is off-limits to foreigners.
He was charged with weapons possession and lacking the correct paperwork but disappeared after being granted bail.
According to his acquaintances, Mohammad is thought to have died in a strike in November 2011 in Pakistan's South Waziristan region, the New York Times reported.
Claims of transparencyContinue reading the main storyDrone strikes
- Four US citizens killed in strikes since 2009
- Bureau of Investigative Journalism has recorded 368 drone strikes in Pakistan, 46-56 confirmed strikes in Yemen
- Every strike has to be approved by US president
- Vast majority carried out under Barack Obama
Speculation of his death had been reported in local media in Raleigh, North Carolina, where he lived, but was not confirmed by US officials before Wednesday.
Mr Holder said the Obama administration had been transparent with Congress over its policy on drone strikes.
He cited an unclassified paper the justice department provided to congressmen that outlined the legal justification for the attacks.
In that document and in a speech at Northwestern University in March 2012, Mr Holder said strikes against US citizens could only be justified if the person posed an imminent threat of violent attack against the US, could not be captured, and the strike was conducted in a way that was consistent with the laws of war.
In his speech on national security, President Obama is also expected to address efforts to close the US detention camp at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.
Last month, Mr Obama pledged a new push to transfer the remaining prisoners from the camp, saying it was "contrary to who we are" and harmful to US interests.
The shadow is a moral problem that challenges the whole ego-personality, for no one can become conscious of the shadow without considerable moral effort. To become conscious of it involves recognizing the dark aspects of the personality as present and real. This act is the essential condition for any kind of self-knowledge.
Carl Jung - Aion (1951). CW 9, Part II: P.14