28-03-2009, 07:33 AM
Jandarma İstihbarat ve Terörle Mücadele
![[Image: 180px-Abd%C3%BClkadir_Aygan_AZIZ57.jpg]](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Abd%C3%BClkadir_Aygan_AZIZ57.jpg/180px-Abd%C3%BClkadir_Aygan_AZIZ57.jpg)
![[Image: magnify-clip.png]](http://en.wikipedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png)
JITEM operatives. Diyarbakir, 1991.
Jandarma İstihbarat ve Terörle Mücadele (abbr. JİTEM, in English: Gendarmerie Intelligence and Counterterrorism) is a wing of the Turkish Gendarmerie, active in the Turkey-PKK conflict.[1] Officially it does not exist, however this claim is widely rejected outside official circles. Since the Susurluk scandal, news to the contrary has been surfacing, including affirmations from former prime ministers Bülent Ecevit,[2] and Mesut Yılmaz.[3]
According to Murat Belge of Istanbul Bilgi University, who says he was tortured in 1971 by its founder, Veli Küçük,[4] JITEM is an embodiment of the deep state. In other words, it is used by "the Establishment" to enforce alleged national interests.[5] It is also said to be the military wing of Ergenekon, an underground nationalist organization.[6][7]
Does it exist?
JITEM was subjected to parliamentary scrutiny during the Susurluk scandal, when commanders in the Gendarmerie repeatedly denied the existence of an overarching intelligence organization within the Gendarmerie.[8][9] Susurluk commission member Fikri Sağlar said that the commanders denied its existence because the Gendarmerie formally acquired the legal capacity to conduct intelligence operations in 2005 (with law 5397). The author of the Prime Ministry Inspection Board report, Kutlu Savaş, said JITEM was created on Gendarmerie Commander Hulusi Sayın's watch (1981-1985).[10][11] This implies that JITEM's actions before 2005 were extrajudicial. Even then, many disturbing alleged acts of violence attributed to JITEM still have no legal basis.
The first person to write about JİTEM was journalist Ayşe Önal for Ateş magazine on 2 July 1994. Önal had learned about it from Veli Küçük after being introduced to him through MIT spy and fellow journalist, Tuncay Güney. Önal and Küçük's meeting did not go well, and Önal vowed to write about it. She followed through, and was promptly fired, along with nineteen of her coworkers.[12]
Revelations have recently come from an informant named Abdülkadir Aygan (a former PKK member recruited by JİTEM,[13] now a political refugee in Sweden[14]) that it was founded by retired general Veli Küçük, who is currently arrested in the Ergenekon investigations.[15] Other people allegedly involved in its founding are Ahmet Cem Ersever, Arif Doğan,[16][17] Hasan Kundakçı, Hüseyin Kara, Hulusi Sayın and Aytekin Özen, according to Aygan. Küçük confirmed Aygan's allegations about his cofounding the organization.[18]
After being taken into custody, Arif Doğan admitted to being a founder of the organization, originally known as the Intelligence Group Command (Turkish: İstihbarat Grup Komutanlığı), and that in 1990 he handed the reins to Veli Küçük.[19]
Structure
![[Image: 180px-Abd%C3%BClkadir_Aygan_AZIZ63.jpg]](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Abd%C3%BClkadir_Aygan_AZIZ63.jpg/180px-Abd%C3%BClkadir_Aygan_AZIZ63.jpg)
Abdülkadir Aygan, circa 1986.
Among the alleged members are ex-PKK-operatives (Turkish: İtirafçı), besides non-commissioned officers and a few officers of the Gendarmerie. Aygan described the organization as follows:[20]
Activity
PKK conflict
Kurdish Democrat Ahmet Acar alleged that JİTEM fomented infighting in the PKK, while ensuring the perpetuation of both of the PKK, and by extension, itself.[22] The prosecutors in the Ergenekon case, and Kurdish-Turkish politician Abdülmelik Fırat allege that JİTEM is connected to the PKK, while fighting it at the same time.[23]
Numerous people who claim to be or are purported to be JİTEM operatives has been accused of crimes such as kidnapping, intimidation, and extra-judicial killings of PKK members. Former JİTEM operative Aygan estimated that 80% of these killings were done by JİTEM.[18][7] JİTEM interrogators are especially brutal since they belong to an organization that ostensibly does not exist, and hence they are not accountable. Aygan says that detainees are invariably killed.[21]
Tuncay Güney, a former spy for the National Intelligence Organization who infiltrated JİTEM, alleged that Veli Küçük's men, working for JİTEM, killed people using acid and buried the corpses in wells belonging to the state-owned Turkish Pipeline Corporation, BOTAŞ.[24] Some have responded to the Şırnak Bar's request for witnesses and families of victims to step forward.[25] Ergenekon defendant Levent Ersöz has also been named in connection with the incidents, in Silopi.[26]
A criminal court in Diyarbakır has ruled in a case in 2006 that 11 ex-PKK-operatives charged with kidnapping, assassination, and bombing were military personnel and should be tried in a military court.[8]
Drugs and weapons trafficking
JİTEM's chief, Arif Doğan, was tried in the frame of the Yüksekova Gang (aka "the gang with uniforms"). According to Today's Zaman, the "Yüksekova Gang was an illegal organization formed in the Yüksekova district of Hakkari, headed by three high-ranking military personnel and various politicians that smuggled drugs and weapons."[27] Its activities were first revealed in 1996, in the aftermath of the Susurluk scandal. Its activities are "are only one part of the JİTEM activities" that have been sent to the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR). All of the local court prison sentences concerning the Yüksekova Gang were cancelled by the High Court of Appeals of Turkey, leading the ECHR to fine Turkey 103,000 euros for its decisions about the Yüksekova Gang.[27]
Assassinations
Aygan alleges that JİTEM is responsible for the deaths of Musa Anter, Vedat Aydın, Musa Toprak, Mehmet Şen, Talat Akyıldız, Zahit Turan, Necati Aydın, Ramazan Keskin, Mehmet Ay, Murat Aslan, İdris Yıldırım, Servet Aslan, Sıddık Yetmez, Edip Aksoy, Ahmet Ceylan, Şahabettin Latifeci, Abdülkadir Çelikbilek, Mehmet Salih Dönen, İhsan Haran, Fethi Yıldırım, Abdülkerim Zoğurlu, Zana Zoğurlu, Melle İzzettin, Hakkı Kaya, Harbi Arman, Fikri Özgen, and Muhsin Göl. Of these, Murat Aslan's remains were found in the place described by Aygan, and a forensic dental and ballistic tests confirmed the identity of the victim.[28][29]
Some incidents that received a lot of press coverage are:
Eşref Bitlis
The 1993 assassination of General Eşref Bitlis has been linked to JITEM and Ergenekon. According to court condemnations, the November 2005 bombings in Şemdinli, in Hakkâri Province in the south-east of Turkey, have also been false flag attacks, attributed to the PKK but carried out by JITEM.[30]
Gaffar Okkan
Diyarbakır Police Chief Okkan was assassinated in broad daylight with heavy automatic weapons, despite protection, for hampering the JİTEM in his precinct. Aygan said that only official organizations such as JİTEM are capable of doing this.[31]
A member of the Turkish Hizbullah received a life sentence in this case, but Hizbullah had not claimed the killing. According to the Van prosecutor, the bombing was aimed at stifling Turkey's E.U. accession process, which would emasculate the military complex.[14]
JİTEM operative Muhsin Göl was killed for co-operating with the police on the Okkan investigation.[31]
Musa Anter
Aygan said he had been part of a unit, alongside Cem Ersever and Arif Doğan, which had assassinated 72-year-old Kurdish writer Musa Anter in 1992 in Diyarbakir. Turkey was found guilty of this murder in 2006 by the ECHR, who sentenced Turkey to a fine of 28,500 euros.[27]
Ahmet Cem Ersever
Former JİTEM commander Cem Ersever was assassinated in November 1993.[32] Aygan alleges that Arif Doğan and Veli Küçük's superiors in Ankara ordered the assassination in order to take control of JİTEM from Ersever.[20]
References
Further reading
External links
Two series of articles in pro-Kurdish newspapers:
![[Image: 180px-Abd%C3%BClkadir_Aygan_AZIZ57.jpg]](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Abd%C3%BClkadir_Aygan_AZIZ57.jpg)
JITEM operatives. Diyarbakir, 1991.
Jandarma İstihbarat ve Terörle Mücadele (abbr. JİTEM, in English: Gendarmerie Intelligence and Counterterrorism) is a wing of the Turkish Gendarmerie, active in the Turkey-PKK conflict.[1] Officially it does not exist, however this claim is widely rejected outside official circles. Since the Susurluk scandal, news to the contrary has been surfacing, including affirmations from former prime ministers Bülent Ecevit,[2] and Mesut Yılmaz.[3]
According to Murat Belge of Istanbul Bilgi University, who says he was tortured in 1971 by its founder, Veli Küçük,[4] JITEM is an embodiment of the deep state. In other words, it is used by "the Establishment" to enforce alleged national interests.[5] It is also said to be the military wing of Ergenekon, an underground nationalist organization.[6][7]
Does it exist?
JITEM was subjected to parliamentary scrutiny during the Susurluk scandal, when commanders in the Gendarmerie repeatedly denied the existence of an overarching intelligence organization within the Gendarmerie.[8][9] Susurluk commission member Fikri Sağlar said that the commanders denied its existence because the Gendarmerie formally acquired the legal capacity to conduct intelligence operations in 2005 (with law 5397). The author of the Prime Ministry Inspection Board report, Kutlu Savaş, said JITEM was created on Gendarmerie Commander Hulusi Sayın's watch (1981-1985).[10][11] This implies that JITEM's actions before 2005 were extrajudicial. Even then, many disturbing alleged acts of violence attributed to JITEM still have no legal basis.
The first person to write about JİTEM was journalist Ayşe Önal for Ateş magazine on 2 July 1994. Önal had learned about it from Veli Küçük after being introduced to him through MIT spy and fellow journalist, Tuncay Güney. Önal and Küçük's meeting did not go well, and Önal vowed to write about it. She followed through, and was promptly fired, along with nineteen of her coworkers.[12]
Revelations have recently come from an informant named Abdülkadir Aygan (a former PKK member recruited by JİTEM,[13] now a political refugee in Sweden[14]) that it was founded by retired general Veli Küçük, who is currently arrested in the Ergenekon investigations.[15] Other people allegedly involved in its founding are Ahmet Cem Ersever, Arif Doğan,[16][17] Hasan Kundakçı, Hüseyin Kara, Hulusi Sayın and Aytekin Özen, according to Aygan. Küçük confirmed Aygan's allegations about his cofounding the organization.[18]
After being taken into custody, Arif Doğan admitted to being a founder of the organization, originally known as the Intelligence Group Command (Turkish: İstihbarat Grup Komutanlığı), and that in 1990 he handed the reins to Veli Küçük.[19]
Structure
![[Image: 180px-Abd%C3%BClkadir_Aygan_AZIZ63.jpg]](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Abd%C3%BClkadir_Aygan_AZIZ63.jpg)
Abdülkadir Aygan, circa 1986.
Among the alleged members are ex-PKK-operatives (Turkish: İtirafçı), besides non-commissioned officers and a few officers of the Gendarmerie. Aygan described the organization as follows:[20]
- Gendarmerie General Command
- Intelligence Command
- Joint Group Command
- Regional Group Commands (of which there are seven)
- Team Commands
- Units (small, clandestine cells).[21]
Activity
PKK conflict
Kurdish Democrat Ahmet Acar alleged that JİTEM fomented infighting in the PKK, while ensuring the perpetuation of both of the PKK, and by extension, itself.[22] The prosecutors in the Ergenekon case, and Kurdish-Turkish politician Abdülmelik Fırat allege that JİTEM is connected to the PKK, while fighting it at the same time.[23]
Numerous people who claim to be or are purported to be JİTEM operatives has been accused of crimes such as kidnapping, intimidation, and extra-judicial killings of PKK members. Former JİTEM operative Aygan estimated that 80% of these killings were done by JİTEM.[18][7] JİTEM interrogators are especially brutal since they belong to an organization that ostensibly does not exist, and hence they are not accountable. Aygan says that detainees are invariably killed.[21]
Tuncay Güney, a former spy for the National Intelligence Organization who infiltrated JİTEM, alleged that Veli Küçük's men, working for JİTEM, killed people using acid and buried the corpses in wells belonging to the state-owned Turkish Pipeline Corporation, BOTAŞ.[24] Some have responded to the Şırnak Bar's request for witnesses and families of victims to step forward.[25] Ergenekon defendant Levent Ersöz has also been named in connection with the incidents, in Silopi.[26]
A criminal court in Diyarbakır has ruled in a case in 2006 that 11 ex-PKK-operatives charged with kidnapping, assassination, and bombing were military personnel and should be tried in a military court.[8]
Drugs and weapons trafficking
JİTEM's chief, Arif Doğan, was tried in the frame of the Yüksekova Gang (aka "the gang with uniforms"). According to Today's Zaman, the "Yüksekova Gang was an illegal organization formed in the Yüksekova district of Hakkari, headed by three high-ranking military personnel and various politicians that smuggled drugs and weapons."[27] Its activities were first revealed in 1996, in the aftermath of the Susurluk scandal. Its activities are "are only one part of the JİTEM activities" that have been sent to the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR). All of the local court prison sentences concerning the Yüksekova Gang were cancelled by the High Court of Appeals of Turkey, leading the ECHR to fine Turkey 103,000 euros for its decisions about the Yüksekova Gang.[27]
Assassinations
Aygan alleges that JİTEM is responsible for the deaths of Musa Anter, Vedat Aydın, Musa Toprak, Mehmet Şen, Talat Akyıldız, Zahit Turan, Necati Aydın, Ramazan Keskin, Mehmet Ay, Murat Aslan, İdris Yıldırım, Servet Aslan, Sıddık Yetmez, Edip Aksoy, Ahmet Ceylan, Şahabettin Latifeci, Abdülkadir Çelikbilek, Mehmet Salih Dönen, İhsan Haran, Fethi Yıldırım, Abdülkerim Zoğurlu, Zana Zoğurlu, Melle İzzettin, Hakkı Kaya, Harbi Arman, Fikri Özgen, and Muhsin Göl. Of these, Murat Aslan's remains were found in the place described by Aygan, and a forensic dental and ballistic tests confirmed the identity of the victim.[28][29]
Some incidents that received a lot of press coverage are:
Eşref Bitlis
The 1993 assassination of General Eşref Bitlis has been linked to JITEM and Ergenekon. According to court condemnations, the November 2005 bombings in Şemdinli, in Hakkâri Province in the south-east of Turkey, have also been false flag attacks, attributed to the PKK but carried out by JITEM.[30]
Gaffar Okkan
Diyarbakır Police Chief Okkan was assassinated in broad daylight with heavy automatic weapons, despite protection, for hampering the JİTEM in his precinct. Aygan said that only official organizations such as JİTEM are capable of doing this.[31]
A member of the Turkish Hizbullah received a life sentence in this case, but Hizbullah had not claimed the killing. According to the Van prosecutor, the bombing was aimed at stifling Turkey's E.U. accession process, which would emasculate the military complex.[14]
JİTEM operative Muhsin Göl was killed for co-operating with the police on the Okkan investigation.[31]
Musa Anter
Aygan said he had been part of a unit, alongside Cem Ersever and Arif Doğan, which had assassinated 72-year-old Kurdish writer Musa Anter in 1992 in Diyarbakir. Turkey was found guilty of this murder in 2006 by the ECHR, who sentenced Turkey to a fine of 28,500 euros.[27]
Ahmet Cem Ersever
Former JİTEM commander Cem Ersever was assassinated in November 1993.[32] Aygan alleges that Arif Doğan and Veli Küçük's superiors in Ankara ordered the assassination in order to take control of JİTEM from Ersever.[20]
References
- ^ Ayik, Zeki (1997-01-17). "PKK confessors turn into state hitmen". Turkish Daily News. Archived from the original on 2008-10-09. http://tdnarchives.blogspot.com/1997/01/...itmen.html.
- ^ 1998 Report, Human Rights Foundation of Turkey, chapter II, "SUSURLUK SCANDAL: Counter-Guerrilla Affairs", p.39-86 (see quote on p.40): "It seems that some illegal methods were employed within the state during the anti-terrorist struggle. In the report, some military people are mentioned, but the report implies that the army as a whole was not involved in such affairs. I am glad to hear that. If the army had been involved in such affairs, it would have been highly difficult for us to solve the problem. On the other hand, the situation of the Gendarme is a bit complex because its affiliation is to both the army and the Ministry of Interior Affairs. That's an outcome of the report. JİTEM seems corrupted."
- ^ 1998 Report, Human Rights Foundation of Turkey, chapter II, "SUSURLUK SCANDAL: Counter-guerilla Affairs", p.46: The report prepared by Prime Ministry Inspection Board Deputy Chairman Kutlu Savaş mentioned JİTEM as involved in gang activities. However, JİTEM is among the "state secrets" of Prime Minister Mesut Yılmaz. Yılmaz accepted the existence of JİTEM but argued that "military officials were not involved and they intervened when they learned about it." Yılmaz carefully tried to relieve military officials, the Gendarme's former Commander General Teoman Koman from responsibility. Deputy Prime Minister Bülent Ecevit said, "JİTEM is mentioned in the report. However, the Gendarmerie and JİTEM are not equal to the army."
- ^ Usul, Safile (2008-09-08). "'Veli Küçük bana işkence yaptı'" (in Turkish). Gazeteport. http://www.gazeteport.com.tr/GUNCEL/NEWS/GP_280409. Retrieved on 2008-12-05.
- ^ Düzel, Neşe (2008-01-28). "2009’da kıyamet gibi kan akacaktı" (in Turkish). Taraf. http://www.taraf.com.tr/haber.asp?id=1177. Retrieved on 2008-08-14. "Derin devlet gene askerî bünye içinde oluşuyor ama artık derin devlet MİT değil. Bugün derin devlet JİTEM."
- ^ "Assassinations lead to JITEM". Sabah. 2008-08-25. http://english.sabah.com.tr/169DC79975FD...50F59.html. Retrieved on 2008-08-26. "JITEM, considered to be the ancestor of the Ergenekon organization...."
- ^ a b Kuseyri, Murat (2008-10-04). "JİTEM Ergenekon’un askeri kanadıdır" (in Turkish). Evrensel. http://www.evrensel.net/haber.php?haber_id=38255. Retrieved on 2008-10-21.
- ^ a b "JİTEM vardır!" (in Turkish). Milliyet. 2006-02-16. http://www.milliyet.com.tr/2006/02/16/guncel/gun01.html. Retrieved on 2008-07-25. "Jandarma Genel Komutanı Teoman Koman: 'Jandarma teşkilatı içinde JİTEM adında legal ya da illegal bir örgüt kurulmamıştır, yoktur. Ama jandarma dışında bu ismi kullanıp kanunsuz işler yapan bir grup vardır'."
- ^ Yedig, Serhan (2005-11-20). "Bir var bir yok. Hem var hem yok JİTEM" (in Turkish). Hürriyet. http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/pazar/3542856.asp?gid=59. Retrieved on 2008-09-05. "Aynı dönemde Genelkurmay Başkanı Doğan Güreş, Jandarma Genel Komutanı Teoman Koman başta olmak üzere birçok yetkili ‘JİTEM adında bir örgüt hiç olmadı’ deyip kamuoyunun ruhuna serin su serpmişti."
- ^ Yedig, Serhan (2005-11-20). "Bir var bir yok. Hem var hem yok: JİTEM" (in Turkish). Hürriyet. http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/pazar/3542856.asp. Retrieved on 2008-12-25.
- ^ Sağlar, Fikri (2008-12-22). "Ergenekon’da kara göründü mü?" (in Turkish). Star. http://www.stargazete.com/acikgorus/erge...156696.htm. Retrieved on 2008-12-27. "JİTEM yasal bir kuruluş olmadığı için ‘yok’ demek zorundalar. Aksini söylerlerse hepsi birden suçlu olurlar."
- ^ Önal, Ayşe (2008-07-24). "Veli Küçük beni işten kovdurttu" (in Turkish). Yeni Şafak. http://yenisafak.com.tr/Gundem/?t=24.07....1&i=130671. Retrieved on 2008-11-21.
- ^ Ünlü, Ferhat (2008-08-25). "Hem PKK'nın hem de JİTEM'in itirafçısı Aygan" (in Turkish). Sabah. http://www.sabah.com.tr/2008/08/25/haber...87B4B.html. Retrieved on 2008-08-27. "Ben hem PKK'nın hem de JİTEM'in itirafçısıyım. Ama hain değilim, kendimi hain hissetmiyorum. Çünkü hainlerin yaptıklarını açıkladım."
- ^ a b Okkan assassination linked to JİTEM, Today's Zaman, 27 August 2008
- ^ "Cem Ersever'in kayıp arşivi Veli Küçük'ün evinden çıktı iddiası" (in Turkish). Zaman. 2008-01-31. http://www.zaman.com.tr/haber.do?haberno=645648. Retrieved on 2008-08-19. "Ben JİTEM'in kurucusu olarak biliniyorum. Kanunda yeri olan bir birimdir. Bu bende bir meslek hastalığı olarak niteleyebileceğim arşivleme alışkanlığından dolayı bana görev sırasında değişik yerlerden ulaşan belgeleri dosyalayarak muhafaza ettim. Emekli olduktan sonra da bu şekilde gelen belgeleri arşivledim. Beni seven insanlar da bu tür bilgi ve belge akışını bana sağlarlar. Evimde bulunan gizlilik niteliği yüksek olan belgeleri arşivlemem, karakterimin ve alışkanlığımın bir yansımasıdır. Aynı zamanda yazıya dökülen gizli konuşma kayıtları da bunun içinde yer alıyor. Evimde, gündemdeki Ergenekon, Lobi gibi belgelerin orijinal nüshalarının çıkması da arşivleme hastalığımdan kaynaklanmaktadır."
- ^ İnci, Fatih (2008-08-19). "JİTEM'ci Albay'dan uyuşturucu servisi!" (in Turkish). Yeni Şafak. http://yenisafak.com.tr/Gundem/?i=135387. Retrieved on 2008-08-19. "Kardeşim ben JİTEM'in kurucusuyum. Bana gramlık uyuşturucunun hesabını soruyorsunuz. Bunları görev icabı ihtayacı olanlara veriyorum. Si....m uyuşturucusunu."
- ^ Karapinar, Turker (2008-08-16). "Emekli Albay Doğan: JİTEM’in uygulacısıydım" (in Turkish). Milliyet. http://www.milliyet.com.tr/Siyaset/Haber...%C4%B1m%27. Retrieved on 2008-08-19. "Ergenekon’la alakam yoktur. Ergenekon’u soruşturma aşamasında duydum. 21 yıl dağlarda görev yaptım. JİTEM’in de dağlarda uygulayıcısıydım."
- ^ a b Duvakli, Melik (2008-01-30). "JITEM hitman: Veli Küçük conceals masterminds". Zaman. http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/detayl...ink=132811. Retrieved on 2008-08-11.
- ^ Şardan, Tolga; Karapinar, Turker (2008-08-21). "JİTEM’i ben kurdum, Veli Küçük’e devrettim" (in Turkish). Milliyet. http://www.milliyet.com.tr/Siyaset/Haber...tim&ver=13. Retrieved on 2008-08-21. "1990’da Jandarma İstihbarat Grup Komutanlığı görevimi kendisine devrettim. Bu sırada yarbay olarak görev yapıyordum. Görev alanımız Türkiye geneliydi. Küçük ise albaydı."
- ^ a b Cicek, Nevzat (2008-12-17). "JİTEM tabelası bile vardı" (in Turkish). Taraf. http://www.taraf.com.tr/haber.asp?id=23635. Retrieved on 2009-01-04. "Jandarma Genel Komutanlığı-İstihbarat Başkanlığı-Gruplar Komutanlığı-Grup Komutanlıkları (Bunlar yedi ayrı bölgede konumlanmıştır)-Tim Komutanlıkları-Birimler."
- ^ a b Kuseyri, Murat (2008-10-03). "Savcılara hatırlatma" (in Turkish). Günlük Evrensel Gazetesi. http://www.evrensel.net/haber.php?haber_id=38203. Retrieved on 2008-11-05.
- ^ Duvakli, Melik (2009-01-03). "JİTEM behind Anter and Aydın murders, claims Kurdish group". Today's Zaman. http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/detayl...ink=163093. Retrieved on 2009-01-03. "He alleged that jailed PKK leader Abdullah Öcalan told the DTP through his lawyers not to become involved in discussions about Ergenekon."
- ^ Kilic, Ecevit (2008-11-27). "Anter cinayetinde sadece JİTEM değil PKK da var" (in Turkish). Sabah. http://arsiv.sabah.com.tr/2008/10/27/hab...30EDF.html. Retrieved on 2009-01-04. "Birbirlerine karşıt olduklarına bakmayın, perdenin arkasında sarmaş dolaşlar."
- ^ "‘A piece of bone could shed light on Silopi executions’". Today's Zaman. 2008-12-18. http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/detayl...ink=161589. Retrieved on 2008-12-21.
- ^ Oktay, Mehmet (2008-12-20). "Family believes four members were executed with acid". Today's Zaman. http://www.todayszaman.com/tz-web/detayl...ink=161800. Retrieved on 2008-12-22.
- ^ "Kaçak Paşa'nın korku imparatorluğu" (in Turkish). Bugun (Koza İpek Gazetecilik ve Yayıncılık A.Ş.). 2008-12-17. http://www.bugun.com.tr/haber_detay.asp?haberID=48497. Retrieved on 2008-12-17.
- ^ a b c Duvakli, Melik, JİTEM’s illegal actions cost Turkey a fortune, Today's Zaman, 27 August 2008.
- ^ Sik, Ahmet (2005-02-03). "Acı bir Susurluk öyküsü" (in Turkish). Radikal. http://www.radikal.com.tr/haber.php?haberno=142287. Retrieved on 2009-01-03.
- ^ Ekinci, Burhan (2005-02-02). "İşte İtiraf, İşte Ceset! Sorumlular Nerede?" (in Turkish). Bianet. http://wwww.bianet.org/bianet/kategori/i...lar-nerede. Retrieved on 2009-01-03.
- ^ "Court says senior officers involved in Şemdinli bombing". Turkish Daily News. 2006-07-19. Archived from the original on 2008-11-14. http://tdnarchives.blogspot.com/2006/07/...ed-in.html.
- ^ a b "JİTEM Öldürdü" (in Turkish). ülkede özgür gündem (Bianet). 2004-03-15. http://www.bianet.org/bianet/kategori/bi...em-oldurdu. Retrieved on 2009-01-03.
- ^ Ergenekon indictment reopens gendarmerie major’s murder case, Today's Zaman, 13 August 2008.
Further reading
- Özel tim-Özel Harekat Timi (Special Team)
- Ersever, Ahmet Cem (2007) (in Turkish). Kürtler, PKK ve Abdullah Öcalan. Istanbul: Milenyum Yayınları. ISBN 9758773251.
External links
Two series of articles in pro-Kurdish newspapers:
"The philosophers have only interpreted the world, in various ways. The point, however, is to change it." Karl Marx
"He would, wouldn't he?" Mandy Rice-Davies. When asked in court whether she knew that Lord Astor had denied having sex with her.
“I think it would be a good idea” Ghandi, when asked about Western Civilisation.
"He would, wouldn't he?" Mandy Rice-Davies. When asked in court whether she knew that Lord Astor had denied having sex with her.
“I think it would be a good idea” Ghandi, when asked about Western Civilisation.