Andreotti [P-2/Gladio member] dead.

[Peter Lemkin]

Giulio Andreotti, former Italian prime minister, dies aged 94

Controversial Christian Democrat was friends with popes and cardinals and survived claims he helped the Mafia

• guardian.co.uk, Monday 6 May 2013 13.59 BST
  

Giulio Andreotti in 2002: he drafted the country's constitution after the second world war and sat in parliament for 60 years. Photograph: Pier Paolo Cito/AP

Giulio Andreotti, Italy's former seven-time premier and a symbol of postwar Italy has died at his home in Rome, Italian officials said. He was 94.
Announcing the death, the mayor of Rome, Gianni Alemanno, called Andreotti "the most representative politician" Italy had known in its recent history.
At his prime, Andreotti was one of Italy's most powerful men: he helped draft the country's constitution after the second world war, sat in parliament for 60 years and served as premier seven times. Until his death, he remained a senator-for-life.
But the Christian Democrat who was friends with popes and cardinals was also a controversial figure who survived corruption scandals and allegations of aiding the Mafia.
He was accused of exchanging a "kiss of honour" with the mob's longtime No 1 boss and was indicted in what was called the trial of the century in Palermo. He was eventually cleared of charges.
Andreotti was as known for his political acumen as for his subtle humour and witty allusions. With sharp eyes, thin lips and a stooped figure, he was immediately recognisable to generations of Italians. Friends and foes alike admired his intellectual agility and grasp of the issues.
"Power wears out … those who don't have it," he once famously said.
Andreotti's rise in the Italian political scene mirrored the rise of Italy, which was then emerging from two decades of Fascist dictatorship under Mussolini. He joined the conservative Christian Democrats, was part of the constituent assembly that wrote the constitution and was elected to parliament in 1948. He remained there ever since.
He held a series of Cabinet positions after the war until he became premier for the first time in 1972. Twenty years later, he finished his last stint as premier.
Although staunchly pro-American and a firm supporter of Italy's Nato membership, Andreotti was the first Christian Democrat to accept Communist support, even if indirect, in one of his governments. The cabinet that was formed after big Communist gains in the 1976 general election needed the Communists and other leftists to abstain rather than cast "no" votes during parliamentary votes.
By the early 1990s, a vast corruption drive led by prosecutors the "Clean Hands" investigation swept through parliament and hobbled most existing political parties. Andreotti's Christian Democrats were among them, but the scandal did not touch him personally and he managed to stay on as premier until an election in 1992.
Soon, however, an even more damaging accusation would befall Andreotti. In 1993, a Mafia informer told prosecutors that Andreotti had been involved in the 1979 killing of journalist Mino Pecorelli, a muckraking journalist killed in a mob-style execution in Rome by four shots from a pistol with a silencer.
Pecorelli's articles had often targeted Andreotti, along with a range of public figures. Andreotti was sometimes referred to in print as "The Godfather".
The prosecution argued that the Mafia killed Pecorelli at the behest of Andreotti. Andreotti always denied the charges, saying he was targeted by mobsters getting even for his crackdowns on organised crime.
The lengthy case dubbed by the Italian press "the trial of the century" resulted in an acquittal in 1999; a shock conviction and sentence to 24 years in prison by an appeals court in November 2002; and, in the third and final judgment a year later, another acquittal.
"Some might have hoped I wouldn't get here. But here I am, thanks to God," Andreotti, then 84, said at the time of the final ruling.
In a separate case at the same time, Andreotti stood trial in Palermo on charges that he colluded with the Mafia. He was cleared.
Palermo prosecutors relied heavily on accounts by Mafia turncoats, including a mobster who testified that Andreotti had once exchanged a "kiss of honour" with Salvatore Riina, the "boss of all bosses" and a longtime fugitive who was captured in 1993. They alleged Andreotti granted favours for the mob in exchange for their delivering Sicilian votes for his party.
Andreotti always denied the charges, again maintaining he was a victim of mobsters intent on taking revenge for his fight against the Mafia.
Andreotti was born to schoolteacher parents in Rome on 14 January 1919. He earned a law degree at Rome university and became a journalist after graduation. During the second world war he worked as a librarian in the Vatican, and it was there that he met several politicians, including Alcide De Gasperi, who went on to become Italy's foremost postwar statesman.
At 35, Andreotti became Italy's youngest interior minister. It was the beginning of a career during which he navigated the Byzantine world of Italian politics like no other, accumulating power, honours and enemies along the way.
Such was his reach that he was sometimes called "Divo Giulio" a play on his name Giulio and the latin "Divus Iulius" (or Divine Julius), which was used for Julius Caesar. His critics called him Beelzebub for what they considered his diabolical skills.
The one political prize he never achieved was to become president of the republic, a largely ceremonial but highly regarded office. He came closest in 1992, but his efforts failed amid the "Clean Hands" corruption scandals.
A practising Roman Catholic, Andreotti maintained solid ties to the Vatican throughout his political career. Emblematic of this stance was his Rome address, close to the centres of political power but also just across the Tiber from St Peter's Square.
He wrote numerous books, some of them bestsellers, wrote articles for Italian publications and edited the monthly Catholic magazine 30 Giorni. He was courted on TV shows for his deep knowledge of Italian and world affairs as well as for his humour. He even made a guest appearance as himself in the film Il Tassinaro (The Taxi Driver) with fellow Roman and late comedian Alberto Sordi.
A portrait of him in the film Il Divo won the jury prize at the Cannes film festival.
Andreotti was married to Livia Danese with whom he had four children.